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Zwischenbericht über die regionalen Gesundheitsinformationsdatenbanken (gid) in Baden-Württemberg
(1999)
Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative protein over-expressed in several different human cancers including breast. Gain of Bcl-2 function in mammary epithelial cells was superimposed on the WAP-TAg transgenic mouse model of breast cancer progression to determine its effect on epithelial cell survival and proliferation at three key stages in oncogenesis: the initial proliferative process, hyperplasia, and cancer. During the initial proliferative process, Bcl-2 strongly inhibited both apoptosis and mitotic activity. However as tumorigenesis progressed to hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, the inhibitory effects on mitotic activity were lost. In contrast, anti-apoptotic activity persisted in both hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of Bcl-2 on epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis can separate during cancer progression. In this model, retention of anti-apoptotic activity with loss of anti-proliferative action resulted in earlier tumor presentation.
Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative protein over-expressed in several different human cancers including breast. Gain of Bcl-2 function in mammary epithelial cells was superimposed on the WAP-TAg transgenic mouse model of breast cancer progression to determine its effect on epithelial cell survival and proliferation at three key stages in oncogenesis: the initial proliferative process, hyperplasia, and cancer. During the initial proliferative process, Bcl-2 strongly inhibited both apoptosis and mitotic activity. However as tumorigenesis progressed to hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, the inhibitory effects on mitotic activity were lost. In contrast, anti-apoptotic activity persisted in both hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of Bcl-2 on epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis can separate during cancer progression. In this model, retention of anti-apoptotic activity with loss of anti-proliferative action resulted in earlier tumor presentation.
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Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative protein over-expressed in several different human cancers including breast. Gain of Bcl-2 function in mammary epithelial cells was superimposed on the WAP-TAg transgenic mouse model of breast cancer progression to determine its effect on epithelial cell survival and proliferation at three key stages in oncogenesis: the initial proliferative process, hyperplasia, and cancer. During the initial proliferative process, Bcl-2 strongly inhibited both apoptosis and mitotic activity. However as tumorigenesis progressed to hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, the inhibitory effects on mitotic activity were lost. In contrast, anti-apoptotic activity persisted in both hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of Bcl-2 on epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis can separate during cancer progression. In this model, retention of anti-apoptotic activity with loss of anti-proliferative action resulted in earlier tumor presentation.
Bcl-2 is known to have dual antiproliferative and antiapoptotic roles. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in the mammary gland using a whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter-driven Bcl-2 transgene inhibits apoptosis in the mammary gland during pregnancy, lactation, and involution, and also counteracts apoptosis induced by overexpression of a mutant p53 transgene (WAP-p53 172 R-L). WAP-Bcl-2 mice and nontransgenic controls were treated with the carcinogen dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Surprisingly, the nontransgenic mice developed mammary tumors with decreased latency. Tumors arising in WAP-Bcl-2 mice displayed substantially reduced levels of proliferation relative to those seen in nontransgenic mice (P < 0.015), perhaps resulting in the observed increase in tumor latency following carcinogen treatment. This WAP-Bcl-2 mouse tumor model reflects the situation seen in some human breast cancers overexpressing Bcl-2, where expression of Bcl-2 has been shown to correlate with a lower proliferative index in tumors.
Gain of Bcl-2 is more potent than bax loss in regulating mammary epithelial cell survival in vivo
(1999)
The impact of gain of Bcl-2 function on mammary epithelial cell survival was compared with loss of Bax function during the two stages of mammary gland involution. Bcl-2 gain of function reduced apoptosis 50% during the first stage and increased cell survival 70% during the second stage. Complete loss of Bax reduced apoptosis by 20% during the first stage without second stage effect. Partial loss of Bax was ineffective but increased cell survival 2.4-fold when combined with Bcl-2 gain. Gain of Bcl-2 function is more potent than loss of Bax function in regulating mammary epithelial cell survival in vivo.
Frame-Rate Converter and high speed SDRAM Memory Controller for digital Multi-Media-Projectors
(1999)
The World Wide Web (Www) offers a huge number of documents which deal with information concerning nearly any topic. Thus, search engines and meta search engines currently are the key to finding information. Search engines with crawler based indexes vary in recall and offer a very bad precision. Meta search engines try to overcome these lacks by simple methods for information extraction, information filtering and integration of heterogenous information resources. Only few search engines employ intelligent techniques in order to increase precision.
Vom Weg zum Ziel
(1999)
Imagine a person navigating on the trackball of a mouse - it would need full body control. In this article we describe the Virtual Balance, an input device for a responsive virtual environment. This device is driven by weight shift on a small platform and does neither require special training nor wearing uncomfortable equipment. The Virtual Balance aims at intuitive navigation through complex 3D space. It can be used to skate or fly like on a magic carpet through a virtual world. With shifts of body posture the navigator controls speed and direction of his/her movement in the model world, which is calculated from the changing pressure on three weight cells under the platform. Different fields of application are presented, showing scenarios already realized as well as a variety of possibilities for future use.
Multipoint data-communications is among the hot topics of communication research and development. A lot of studies and ideas have been presented, the vast majority focusing on a homogenous environment in terms of physical network, communication protocol stacks, coding schemes and/or service qualities. First straight-forward implementations –Steve Deering‘s IP multipoint on the MBone being the most popular one– already give an idea of the capabilities of a multipoint environment.
UTRAN Internet Access
(1999)
In verteilten und offenen Systemen wollen Kommunikationspartner beim Electronic Commerce Dokumente vertraulich, integer und rechtsverbindlich sowie zuordnungsbar authentisch und nachweisbar senden und empfangen. Für die an der Kommunikation beteiligten Kommunikationspartner muß dazu nachvollziehbar sein, wer wann mit wem welche Dokumente ausgetauscht hat. Zur Erreichung des Sachziels 'Vertraulichkeit' werden Dokumente bei der Speicherung auf einem Server und bei der Übertragung (über lokale Netzte, Intranets, Extranets und im Internet) vom Endanwender verschlüsselt. Dazu müssen die benutzten Schlüssel gegen unberechtigte Kenntnisnahme geschützt werden. Gleichzeitig muß auch die Verfügbarkeit der Schlüssel sichergestellt werden: Verschlüsselte Dokumente können nämlich nur dann wieder benutzbar gemacht werden, wenn sie bei berechtigtem Bedarf wieder entschlüsselt werden können. Im Unternehmen ist es deshalb erforderlich, Verfahren einzuführen, die die Verfügbarkeit gespeicherter Dokumente sicherstellen - auch wenn der originäre Inhaber dieser Dokumente nicht verfügbar ist (Reise, Urlaub, Krankheit, Ausscheiden). Schlüssel-Archive - sog. Enterprise Key Recovery Server - bieten die Möglichkeit, verschlüsselt gespeicherte Konzelationsschlüssel Berechtigten wieder zu Verfügung zu stellen. Damit können verschlüsselt gespeicherte Dokumente gespeichert werden. Enterprise Key Recovery Server werden im Rahmen des Projekts SECFORS - Secure Electronic Commerce an der Fachhochschule Rhein-Sieg zusammen mit Studierenden installiert und unter einer Reihe von Aspekten im Rahmen des vom Bundeswirtschaftsministerium geförderten Kompetenzzentrums Electronic Commerce Bonn Rhein-Sieg (KompEC) evaluiert; dazu werden Anforderungen an vertrauenswürdige Enterprise Key Recovery Server formuliert. Der Einsatz von Enterprise Key Recovery Servern ist in den USA Stand der Technik; in deutschen Unternehmen wird der Bedarf insbesondere deswegen differenziert gesehen, weil eine Verschlüsselung gespeicherter und übertragener Daten noch nicht flächendeckend durchgeführt wird.
Wissenschaftliches Rechnen
(1999)
Wissenschaftliches Rechnen
(1999)