331 Arbeitsökonomie
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Purpose To investigate how completing vocational re-training influenced income and employment days of working-age people with disabilities in the first 8 years after program admission. The investigation also included the influence of vocational re-training on the likelihood of receiving an earnings incapacity pension and on social security benefit receipt. Methods This retrospective cohort study with 8 years follow up was based on data from 2399 individuals who had completed either a 1-year vocational re-training program (n = 278), or a 2-year vocational re-training program (n = 1754) or who were admitted into re-training but never completed the program (n = 367). A propensity score-based method was used to account for observed differences and establish comparability between program graduates and program dropouts. Changes in outcomes were examined using the inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment method. Results After controlling for other factors, over the 8 years after program admission, graduates of 1-year re-training, on average, were employed for an additional 405 days, 95% CI [249 days, 561 days], and had earned €24,260 more than without completed re-training, 95% CI [€12,805, €35,715]. Two-year program completers, on average, were employed for 441 additional days, 95% CI [349 days, 534 days], and had earned €35,972 more than without completed re-training, 95% CI [€27,743, €44,202]. The programs also significantly reduced the number of days on social-security and unemployment benefits and lowered the likelihood of an earnings incapacity pension. Conclusion Policies to promote the labor market re-integration of persons with disabilities should consider that vocational re-training may be an effective tool for sustainably improving work participation outcomes.
Während sich die Zahl entschädigungspflichtiger Arbeitsunfälle im Zeitraum der letzten 10 Jahre kontinuierlich zurückentwickelt hat, nehmen Prävalenz und Inzidenz der psychischen Erkrankungen und Verhaltensstörungen nach Kapitel F der ICD-10 stetig zu. Nach einer Prognose der "Burden of Disease Study" von WHO und Weltbank werden Depressionen im Jahr 2020 weltweit den zweiten Rang unter den Behinderung verursachenden Erkrankungen eingenommen haben. Manche Autoren betrachten schon heute die Erkrankungen nach Kapitel F der ICD-10 als "Die Epidemie des 21. Jahrhunderts". Neben den krankheitsbedingten Arbeitsausfällen aufgrund psychischer Gesundheitsstörungen ergeben sich auch ökonomische Belastungen infolge notwendig werdender Therapien und ein Verlust von Erfahrungswissen infolge verfrühten Eintritts ins Rentenalter seitens der Erkrankten. Als mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die zunehmenden psychischen Erkrankungen werden neben individueller Veranlagung auch Stressoren aus der Gesellschaft postuliert, zu nennen wären hier beispielhaft die kontinuierliche Angst um den Arbeitsplatz oder Distress im Beruf aufgrund dauernder Überlastung.