620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
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- 2013 (13) (remove)
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- Engine Map (1)
- Fuel Consumption (1)
- Hybrid (1)
- ICE (1)
- Instrumented indentation experiments (1)
- Power train map (1)
- carbon footprint (1)
- efficiency (1)
- energy monitoring (1)
- energy saving (1)
Power train models are required to simulate hence predict energy consumption of vehicles. Efficiencies for different components in power train are required. Common procedures use digitalised shell models (or maps) to model the efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) and manual gearboxes (MG). Errors are connected with these models and affect the accuracy of the calculation. The accuracy depends on the configuration of the simulation, the digitalisation of the data and the data used. This paper evaluates these sources of error. The understanding of the source of error can improve the results of the modelling by more than eight percent.
The device (10) has a handrail (18) provided with an optical contactless monitoring device formed as an active sensor system, where the monitoring device is arranged in a region of a guide (14) of the handrail at a front base (16) of an escalator (12) or a moving pavement. The monitoring device has two transmission paths (28, 30) with wavelength bands that are different from each other, where one of the paths includes the handrail. Ratio or difference between signals of the paths is used for recognizing foreign bodies e.g. hands of adults and children.
The use of manually fed machines (e.g. table saws) bares risks of injury that are clearly above the average level of other high risk workplaces.
The wide use of such machines causes severe problems for occupational safety and implies high costs for medical treatments and accident annuities.
This thesis presents a new concept of a multispectral sensor to monitor an area in front of a danger zone to detect the user’s limbs and trigger safeguarding measures to prevent an accident in time.
The sensor concept realizes a contact-free material classification, which comprises the development of a system design and specific safety requirements with respect to international safety standards.
Furthermore, a prototypical implementation using four wavebands, which were determined for skin detection through an analysis of reflectance spectra acquired specifically for this purpose, was built.
Cost efficient energy monitoring in existing large buildings demands for autonomous indoor sensors with low power consumption, high performance in multipath fading channels and economic implementation. Good performance in multipath fading channels can be achieved with noncoherent chaotic modulation schemes such as chaos on-off keying (COOK) or differential chaos shift keying (DCSK). While COOK stands out in the area of power consumption, DCSK excels when it comes to its performance in noisy and multipath fading channels. This paper evaluates a combination of both schemes for autonomous indoor sensors. The simulation results show 50% less power consumption than DCSK and more than 3dB SNR gain in Rayleigh fading channels at BER=10-3 as compared to COOK, making it a promising candidate for low power transmission in autonomous wireless indoor sensors. We further present an enhanced version of this scheme showing another 1 dB SNR improvement, but at 25% less power consumption than DCSK.