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Dass die weitgehende kommerzielle Datenausspähung der großen Internetunternehmen nicht allein ein Problem der davon betroffenen Bürgerinnen und Bürger ist, sondern letztlich auch weitreichende gesellschaftliche Folgen hat, wurde mit dem Aufkommen des Rechtspopulismus in den USA, Brasilien und Europa zum Thema mindestens der Diskussion in Fachkreisen. Hass und Hetze im Netz, Fake News, politische Wahlwerbung und Manipulation in Social Media sind als Bedrohung für die freiheitlichen Demokratien westlicher Ausprägung unübersehbar geworden.
In young adulthood, important foundations are laid for health later in life. Hence, more attention should be paid to the health measures concerning students. A research field that is relevant to health but hitherto somewhat neglected in the student context is the phenomenon of presenteeism. Presenteeism refers to working despite illness and is associated with negative health and work-related effects. The study attempts to bridge the research gap regarding students and examines the effects of and reasons for this behavior. The consequences of digital learning on presenteeism behavior are moreover considered. A student survey (N = 1036) and qualitative interviews (N = 11) were conducted. The results of the quantitative study show significant negative relationships between presenteeism and health status, well-being, and ability to study. An increased experience of stress and a low level of detachment as characteristics of digital learning also show significant relationships with presenteeism. The qualitative interviews highlighted the aspect of not wanting to miss anything as the most important reason for presenteeism. The results provide useful insights for developing countermeasures to be easily integrated into university life, such as establishing fixed learning partners or the use of additional digital learning material.
Flüssigkeit, die in Werbespots symbolisch für Menstruationsblut steht, war jahrzehntelang blau, erst im September 2021 zeigte ein Hersteller erstmalig eine Flüssigkeit, welche realitätsnah in der Farbe Rot dargestellt wurde (1). Hygieneartikel, die Menstruierende zwingend benötigen, sind in Deutschland mit wenigen Ausnahmen auf öffentlichen Toiletten nicht verfügbar: Das Nicht-Sichtbarsein offenbarte auch im Jahr 2021 das Tabu um natürliche biologische Prozesse des weiblichen Körpers. Scham und Einschränkungen, die sich verhindern ließen, sind die Folge. Menstruierende werden in ihrem Wohlbefinden limitiert, und negative Erlebnisse führen dazu, dass Betroffene in der Ausübung von sozialen, schulischen und beruflichen Aktivitäten nicht nur durch die Menstruation selbst, sondern auch durch Normen und Erziehungsmuster beeinträchtigt sind, wie zahlreiche internationale Studien gezeigt haben (2). Für den deutschen Hochschulkontext fehlen solche Studien bislang.
The electricity grid of the future will be built on renewable energy sources, which are highly variable and dependent on atmospheric conditions. In power grids with an increasingly high penetration of solar photovoltaics (PV), an accurate knowledge of the incoming solar irradiance is indispensable for grid operation and planning, and reliable irradiance forecasts are thus invaluable for energy system operators. In order to better characterise shortwave solar radiation in time and space, data from PV systems themselves can be used, since the measured power provides information about both irradiance and the optical properties of the atmosphere, in particular the cloud optical depth (COD). Indeed, in the European context with highly variable cloud cover, the cloud fraction and COD are important parameters in determining the irradiance, whereas aerosol effects are only of secondary importance.
Research has identified nudging as a promising and effective tool to improve healthy eating behavior in a cafeteria setting. However, it remains unclear who is and who is not “nudgeable” (susceptible to nudges). An important influencing factor at the individual level is nudge acceptance. While some progress has been made in determining influences on the acceptance of healthy eating nudges, research on how personal characteristics (such as the perception of social norms) affect nudge acceptance remains scarce. We conducted a survey on 1032 university students to assess the acceptance of nine different types of healthy eating nudges in a cafeteria setting with four influential factors (social norms, health-promoting collaboration, responsibility to promote healthy eating, and procrastination). These factors are likely to play a role within a university and a cafeteria setting. The present study showed that key influential factors of nudge acceptance were the perceived responsibility to promote healthy eating and health-promoting collaboration. We also identified three different student clusters with respect to nudge acceptance, demonstrating that not all nudges were accepted equally. In particular, default, salience, and priming nudges were at least moderately accepted regardless of the degree of nudgeability. Our findings provide useful policy implications for nudge development by university, cafeteria, and public health officials. Recommendations are formulated for strengthening the theoretical background of nudge acceptance and the susceptibility to nudges.
This paper investigates the effect of voltage sensors on the measurement of transient voltages for power semiconductors in a Double Pulse Test (DPT) environment.We adapt previously published models that were developed for current sensors and apply them to voltage sensors to evaluate their suitability for DPT applications. Similarities and differences between transient current and voltage sensors are investigated and the resulting methodology is applied to commercially available and experimental voltage sensors. Finally, a selection aid for given measurement tasks is derived that focuses on the measurement of fast-switching power semiconductors.
Background: Since presenteeism is related to numerous negative health and work-related effects, measures are required to reduce it. There are initial indications that how an organization deals with health has a decisive influence on employees’ presenteeism behavior.
Aims: The concept of health-promoting collaboration was developed on the basis of these indications. As an extension of healthy leadership it includes not only the leader but also co-workers. In modern forms of collaboration, leaders cannot be assigned sole responsibility for employees’ health, since the leader is often hardly visible (digital leadership) or there is no longer a clear leader (shared leadership). The study examines the concept of health-promoting collaboration in relation to presenteeism. Relationships between health-promoting collaboration, well-being and work ability are also in focus, regarding presenteeism as a mediator.
Methods: The data comprise the findings of a quantitative survey of 308 employees at a German university of applied sciences. Correlation and mediator analyses were conducted.
Results: The results show a significant negative relationship between health-promoting collaboration and presenteeism. Significant positive relationships were found between health-promoting collaboration and both well-being and work ability. Presenteeism was identified as a mediator of these relationships.
Conclusion: The relevance of health-promoting collaboration in reducing presenteeism was demonstrated and various starting points for practice were proposed. Future studies should investigate further this newly developed concept in relation to presenteeism.
We analyze short-term effects of free hospitalization insurance for the poorest quintile of the population in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. First, we exploit that eligibility is based on an exogenous poverty score threshold and apply a regression discontinuity design. Second, we exploit imperfect rollout and compare insured and uninsured households using propensity score matching. With both methods we fail to detect significant effects on the incidence of hospitalization. Whereas the program did not meaningfully increase the quantity of health care consumed, insured households more often choose private hospitals, indicating a shift towards higher perceived quality of care.