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The transport of carbon dioxide through pipelines is one of the important components of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) systems that are currently being developed. If high flow rates are desired a transportation in the liquid or supercritical phase is to be preferred. For technical reasons, the transport must stay in that phase, without transitioning to the gaseous state. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the stationary process of carbon dioxide transport with impurities and phase transitions is considered. We use the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM) and the GERG-2008 thermodynamic equation of state to describe the transport parameters. The algorithms used allow to solve scenarios of carbon dioxide transport in the liquid or supercritical phase, with the detection of approaching the phase transition region. Convergence of the solution algorithms is analyzed in connection with fast and abrupt changes of the equation of state and the enthalpy function in the region of phase transitions.
Accurate forecasting of solar irradiance is crucial for the integration of solar energy into the power grid, power system planning, and the operation of solar power plants. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with its solar radiation (WRF-Solar) extension, has been used to forecast solar irradiance in various regions worldwide. However, the application of the WRF-Solar model for global horizontal irradiance (GHI) forecasting in West Africa, specifically in Ghana, has not been studied. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the WRF-Solar model for GHI forecasting in Ghana, focusing on 3 health centers (Kologo, Kumasi and Akwatia) for the year 2021. We applied a two one-way nested domain (D1=15 km and D2=3 km) to investigate the ability of the WRF solar model to forecast GHI up to 72 hours in advance under different atmospheric conditions. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were taken from the ECMWF operational forecasts. In addition, the optical aerosol depth (AOD) data at 550 nm from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) were considered. The study uses statistical metrics such as mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), to evaluate the performance of the WRF-Solar model with the observational data obtained from automatic weather stations in the three health centers in Ghana. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the WRF-Solar model for forecasting GHI in West Africa, particularly in Ghana, and provide valuable information for stakeholders involved in solar energy generation and grid integration towards optimized management of in the region.
Heutzutage werden alternative Mobilitätslösungen immer wichtiger. Dabei haben eBikes ihr Potential längst unter Beweis gestellt. Der zugehörige Markt ist über die letzten 10 Jahre enorm gewachsen und gleichermaßen auch die Erwartungen an das Produkt, wie bspw. eine Fahrt ohne störende Vibrationen und Geräusche zu haben. Der Motorfreilauf leistet dabei einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das dynamische Verhalten. In diesem Beitrag soll daher eine methodische Vorgehensweise vorgestellt werden, um mittels Versuch und Simulation den Einfluss des Motorfeilaufs auf das dynamische Verhalten der eBike Antriebseinheit zu bestimmen.
The electricity grid of the future will be built on renewable energy sources, which are highly variable and dependent on atmospheric conditions. In power grids with an increasingly high penetration of solar photovoltaics (PV), an accurate knowledge of the incoming solar irradiance is indispensable for grid operation and planning, and reliable irradiance forecasts are thus invaluable for energy system operators. In order to better characterise shortwave solar radiation in time and space, data from PV systems themselves can be used, since the measured power provides information about both irradiance and the optical properties of the atmosphere, in particular the cloud optical depth (COD). Indeed, in the European context with highly variable cloud cover, the cloud fraction and COD are important parameters in determining the irradiance, whereas aerosol effects are only of secondary importance.
Intention: Within the research project EnerSHelF (Energy-Self-Sufficiency for Health Facilities in Ghana), i. a. energy-meteorological and load-related measurement data are collected, for which an overview of the availability is to be presented on a poster.
Context: In Ghana, the total electricity consumed has almost doubled between 2008 and 2018 according to the Energy Commission of Ghana. This goes along with an unstable power grid, resulting in power outages whenever electricity consumption peaks. The blackouts called "dumsor" in Ghana, pose a severe burden to the healthcare sector. Innovative solutions are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy and health access.
West Africa has great potential for the use of solar energy systems, as it has both a high solar radiation rate and a lack of energy production. West Africa is a very aerosol-rich region, whose effects on photovoltaic (PV) use are due to both atmospheric conditions and existing solar technology. This study reports the variability of aerosol optical properties in the city of Koforidua, Ghana over the period 2016 to 2020, and their impact on the radiation intensity and efficiency of a PV cell. The study used AERONET ground (Giles et al., 2019) and satellite data produced by CAMS (Gschwind, et al., 2019), which both provide aerosol optical depth (AOD) and metrological parameters used for radiative transfer calculations with libRadtran (Emde, et al., 2016). A spectrally resolved PV model (Herman-Czezuch et al., 2022) is then used to calculate the PV yield of two PV technologies: polycrystalline and amorphous silicon. It is observed that for both data sets, the aerosol is mainly composed of dust and organic matter, with a very increased AOD load during the harmattan period (December-February), also due to the fires observed during this period.
In contrast to the German power supply, the energy supply in many West African countries is very unstable. Frequent power outages are not uncommon. Especially for critical infrastructures, such as hospitals, a stable power supply is vital. To compensate for the power outages, diesel generators are often used. In the future, these systems will increasingly be supplemented by PV systems and storage, so that the generator will have to be used less or not at all when needed. For the design and operation of such systems, it is necessary to better understand the atmospheric variability of PV power generation. For example, there are large variations between rainy and dry seasons, between days with high and low dust levels - caused by sandstorms (harmattan) or urban air pollution.
In view of the rapid growth of solar power installations worldwide, accurate forecasts of photovoltaic (PV) power generation are becoming increasingly indispensable for the overall stability of the electricity grid. In the context of household energy storage systems, PV power forecasts contribute towards intelligent energy management and control of PV-battery systems, in particular so that self-sufficiency and battery lifetime are maximised. Typical battery control algorithms require day-ahead forecasts of PV power generation, and in most cases a combination of statistical methods and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are employed. The latter are however often inaccurate, both due to deficiencies in model physics as well as an insufficient description of irradiance variability.
An der H-BRS, einer Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften mit ca. 9.000 Studierenden, wurde die OER-Kultur bewusst als Teil der Strategie zur Digitalisierung der Lehre in drei Schritten etabliert: (1) Gemeinsame Strategiebildung als Teil eines partizipativ erarbeiteten Hochschulentwicklungsplans: Verankerung von OER in der Digitalisierungsstrategie. (2) Basierend auf der Vernetzung der Expertinnen und Experten erfolgreiche Einwerbung von OER-Projekten, die exemplarisch vorgestellt werden. (3) Dauerhafte strategische Verankerung, basierend auf kontinuierlicher interner und externer Netzwerkarbeit, Etablierung von digitalen Austauschplattformen für die Lehrenden, Transfer des OER-Gedankens (Kooperation, Austausch, Mehrfachnutzen) auf die Hochschuldidaktik sowie regelmäßige Ausschreibungen von Fördermaßnahmen.
Atomic oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere measured by terahertz heterodyne spectroscopy
(2021)
Atomic oxygen is a main component of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The photochemistry and the energy balance of the MLT are governed by atomic oxygen. In addition, it is a tracer for dynamical motions in the MLT. It is difficult to measure with remote sensing techniques. Concentrations can be inferred indirectly from the oxygen air glow or from observations of OH, which is involved in photochemical processes related to atomic oxygen. Such measurements have been performed with several satellite instruments such as SCIAMACHY, SABER, WINDII and OSIRIS. However, the methods are indirect and rely on photochemical models and assumptions such as quenching rates, radiative lifetimes, and reaction coefficients. The results are not always in agreement, particularly when obtained with different instruments.