Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften und Kommunikation
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- 2023 (67) (remove)
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This paper presents a novel approach to address noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues in electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) caused by the drive unit. By investigating and optimising the structural dynamics during early product development, NVH can decisively be improved and valuable resources can be saved, emphasising its significance for enhancing riding performance. The paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the e-bike drive unit’s mechanical interactions among relevant components, culminating—to the best of our knowledge—in the development of the first high-fidelity model of an entire e-bike drive unit. The proposed model uses the principles of elastic multi body dynamics (eMBD) to elucidate the structural dynamics in dynamic-transient calculations. Comparing power spectra between measured and simulated motion variables validates the chosen model assumptions. The measurements of physical samples utilise accelerometers, contactless laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and various test arrangements, which are replicated in simulations and provide accessibility to measure vibrations onto rotating shafts and stationary structures. In summary, this integrated system-level approach can serve as a viable starting point for comprehending and managing the NVH behaviour of e-bikes.
Arten von Normen
(2023)
Dieses Video aus der Videoreihe „Normen-ABC“ erklärt die Herkunft und Arten von Normen. Es werden Beispiele für Normen von A bis Z gezeigt. Anhand der Planungsnorm für Projektmanagement, der ersten deutschen DIN 1 als Ausführungsnorm und der weltweit verbreiteten Prüfnorm sowie Managementnormen zur Förderung von Nachhaltigkeit wird eine Einordnung im PDCA-Zyklus gezeigt.
CE-Kennzeichnung
(2023)
Trends of environmental awareness, combined with a focus on personal fitness and health, motivate many people to switch from cars and public transport to micromobility solutions, namely bicycles, electric bicycles, cargo bikes, or scooters. To accommodate urban planning for these changes, cities and communities need to know how many micromobility vehicles are on the road. In a previous work, we proposed a concept for a compact, mobile, and energy-efficient system to classify and count micromobility vehicles utilizing uncooled long-wave infrared (LWIR) image sensors and a neuromorphic co-processor. In this work, we elaborate on this concept by focusing on the feature extraction process with the goal to increase the classification accuracy. We demonstrate that even with a reduced feature list compared with our early concept, we manage to increase the detection precision to more than 90%. This is achieved by reducing the images of 160 × 120 pixels to only 12 × 18 pixels and combining them with contour moments to a feature vector of only 247 bytes.
Rosenbrock–Wanner methods for systems of stiff ordinary differential equations are well known since the seventies. They have been continuously developed and are efficient for differential-algebraic equations of index-1, as well. Their disadvantage that the Jacobian matrix has to be updated in every time step becomes more and more obsolete when automatic differentiation is used. Especially the family of Rodas methods has proven to be a standard in the Julia package DifferentialEquations. However, the fifth-order Rodas5 method undergoes order reduction for certain problem classes. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to compute a new set of coefficients for Rodas5 such that this order reduction is reduced. The procedure is similar to the derivation of the methods Rodas4P and Rodas4P2. In addition, it is possible to provide new dense output formulas for Rodas5 and the new method Rodas5P. Numerical tests show that for higher accuracy requirements Rodas5P always belongs to the best methods within the Rodas family.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly growing in popularity, but range variability has become an important research area with significant implications for EV performance, usability, and overall market adoption. This study aims to unravel the complexities of range variability by examining the contributing factors and offering innovative strategies to mitigate these differences during pack design. Through a detailed analysis of cell parameter deviation, cell connections, battery configuration, battery pack size, and driving behavior, the research illuminates their impact on extractable energy and driving range. The study employed a comprehensive approach and conducted systematic simulation-based experimentation to identify the optimal battery pack configuration based on maximum extractable energy, minimal variability and maximum range. The results reveal insights into the relationship between discharge rate and battery pack performance, and the impact of cell parameter variations on pack energy output. This research advances the understanding of EV performance optimisation, reduces pack-to-pack variability, and extends battery pack lifespan.
Dieses Video aus der Videoreihe „Normen-ABC“ erklärt die DIN-Norm, die alle kennen sollten: DIN 5008 „Schreib- und Gestaltungsregeln für die Text- und Informationsbearbeitung“ Beuth-Verlag, Berlin: 2020. Es werden nützliche Hinweise, wie z. B. für Abschlussarbeiten, Bewerbungsschreiben oder Geschäftsbriefe gegeben.
Die Maschine als Schöpferin
(2023)
Atomic oxygen is a key species in the mesosphere and thermosphere of Venus. It peaks in the transition region between the two dominant atmospheric circulation patterns, the retrograde super-rotating zonal flow below 70 km and the subsolar to antisolar flow above 120 km altitude. However, past and current detection methods are indirect and based on measurements of other molecules in combination with photochemical models. Here, we show direct detection of atomic oxygen on the dayside as well as on the nightside of Venus by measuring its ground-state transition at 4.74 THz (63.2 µm). The atomic oxygen is concentrated at altitudes around 100 km with a maximum column density on the dayside where it is generated by photolysis of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. This method enables detailed investigations of the Venusian atmosphere in the region between the two atmospheric circulation patterns in support of future space missions to Venus.
Quality diversity algorithms can be used to efficiently create a diverse set of solutions to inform engineers' intuition. But quality diversity is not efficient in very expensive problems, needing 100.000s of evaluations. Even with the assistance of surrogate models, quality diversity needs 100s or even 1000s of evaluations, which can make it use infeasible. In this study we try to tackle this problem by using a pre-optimization strategy on a lower-dimensional optimization problem and then map the solutions to a higher-dimensional case. For a use case to design buildings that minimize wind nuisance, we show that we can predict flow features around 3D buildings from 2D flow features around building footprints. For a diverse set of building designs, by sampling the space of 2D footprints with a quality diversity algorithm, a predictive model can be trained that is more accurate than when trained on a set of footprints that were selected with a space-filling algorithm like the Sobol sequence. Simulating only 16 buildings in 3D, a set of 1024 building designs with low predicted wind nuisance is created. We show that we can produce better machine learning models by producing training data with quality diversity instead of using common sampling techniques. The method can bootstrap generative design in a computationally expensive 3D domain and allow engineers to sweep the design space, understanding wind nuisance in early design phases.
Elektronik für Entscheider
(2023)
Dieses Buch gibt Nichtingenieuren, die sich beruflich mit Elektronik beschäftigen, die Möglichkeit, sich ein Stück auf dieses Fachgebiet zu begeben, um Aufgaben, Sprache und Vorgehensweise von Ingenieuren zu verstehen. Ziel ist es dabei nicht, nach dem Lesen dieses Buches eine elektronische Schaltung entwickeln zu können. Im Vordergrund steht vielmehr ein generelles Verständnis für die Zusammenhänge und Grundbegriffe der Elektronik. (Verlagsangaben)
Entstehung einer DIN-Norm
(2023)
Dieses Video aus der Videoreihe „Normen-ABC“ erklärt die Entstehung von DIN-Normen. Die Beteiligung interessierter Kreise und die Moderation durch das Deutsche Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN) wird veranschaulicht. Zur Motivation des Mitwirkens an Normen wird auf die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten dazu hingewiesen. Insbesondere junge Menschen sollen die Information erhalten, dass durch eine verkürzte Erstellung einer „DIN-SPEC“ eine technische Lösung aus Forschung und Entwicklung schnell auf den Markt zu bringen ist.
Accurate forecasting of solar irradiance is crucial for the integration of solar energy into the power grid, power system planning, and the operation of solar power plants. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with its solar radiation (WRF-Solar) extension, has been used to forecast solar irradiance in various regions worldwide. However, the application of the WRF-Solar model for global horizontal irradiance (GHI) forecasting in West Africa, specifically in Ghana, has not been studied. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the WRF-Solar model for GHI forecasting in Ghana, focusing on 3 health centers (Kologo, Kumasi and Akwatia) for the year 2021. We applied a two one-way nested domain (D1=15 km and D2=3 km) to investigate the ability of the WRF solar model to forecast GHI up to 72 hours in advance under different atmospheric conditions. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were taken from the ECMWF operational forecasts. In addition, the optical aerosol depth (AOD) data at 550 nm from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) were considered. The study uses statistical metrics such as mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), to evaluate the performance of the WRF-Solar model with the observational data obtained from automatic weather stations in the three health centers in Ghana. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the WRF-Solar model for forecasting GHI in West Africa, particularly in Ghana, and provide valuable information for stakeholders involved in solar energy generation and grid integration towards optimized management of in the region.