Refine
H-BRS Bibliography
- yes (20)
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (20) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (20) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2013 (20) (remove)
Keywords
- paper-derived ceramic (2)
- preceramic paper (2)
- Adipogenesis (1)
- Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Analytical pyrolysis (1)
- Ankle Joint (1)
- Articular Cartilage (1)
- Automotive industry (1)
- Cartilage Destruction (1)
- Cytokine (1)
Tamoxifen therapy of invasive breast cancer has been associated with increased levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) so that an endothelin-1 receptor (ETR) blockade has been suggested as a new therapeutic approach. This study analyzed the relationship between Tamoxifen and ET-1 signalling in invasive breast cancer. Using paraffinized tissue from 50 randomly chosen cases of invasive and in-situ ductal carcinoma from our archive, the expression of ETRs was analyzed by immune histology. ETRs were regularly detectable in normal breast tissue, but rarely in adjacent tumor areas (3/50 cases). By immunoprecipitation, a complex was found consisting of ET-1, estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen. Consequently, transcription of several target genes of ET-1 and estrogen receptors was detectable (interleukin-6, wnt-11 and a vimentin spliceform). In particular, the combination of Tamoxifen, ET-1, and estrogen receptors induced further increasing levels of these target genes. Some of these genes have been found upregulated in metastatically spreading breast cancer cells. We conclude: i) ETRs do not play a role in invasive or in-situ ductal breast cancer; ii) estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen build a complex with ET-1; and iii) upregulated transcription of target genes by ET-1–estrogen receptor–Tamoxifen complex may negatively influence breast cancer prognosis. These results indicate a role for ET-1 in Tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients leading to a potentially worsening prognosis.
The criteria for assessing the quality of rubber materials are the polymer or copolymer composition and the additives. These additives include plasticizers, extender oils, carbon black, inorganic fillers, antioxidants, heat and light stabilizers, processing aids, cross-linking agents, accelerators, retarders, adhesives, pigments, smoke and flame retardants, and others. Determination of additives in polymers or copolymers generally requires the extraction of these substances from the matrix as a first step, which can be challenging, and the subsequent analysis of the extracted additives by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC-MS, capillary electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, and other analytical techniques. In the present work, nitrile rubber materials were studied using direct analytical flash pyrolysis hyphenated to GC and electrospray ionization MS in both scan and selected ion monitoring modes to demonstrate that this technique is a good tool to identify the organic additives in nitrile rubber.