Refine
H-BRS Bibliography
- yes (766) (remove)
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (766) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (531)
- Conference Object (76)
- Part of a Book (65)
- Doctoral Thesis (26)
- Book (monograph, edited volume) (21)
- Report (20)
- Preprint (9)
- Contribution to a Periodical (6)
- Research Data (4)
- Conference Proceedings (2)
Year of publication
Keywords
- GC/MS (13)
- Lignin (13)
- Lehrbuch (8)
- cytokine-induced killer cells (8)
- lignin (8)
- immunotherapy (7)
- stem cells (7)
- Chemie (6)
- Chemometrics (6)
- drug release (6)
- Biomass (5)
- Chromatography (5)
- Explosives (5)
- Gene expression (5)
- Organic aciduria (5)
- Polymers (5)
- biomaterial (5)
- osteogenesis (5)
- scaffolds (5)
- Analytical pyrolysis (4)
- CD21 (4)
- Corrosion inhibitors (4)
- ENaC (4)
- Inborn error of metabolism (4)
- Ketolysis (4)
- Mass spectrometry (4)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- Miscanthus (4)
- Regenerative medicine (4)
- Scaffolds (4)
- Tissue engineering (4)
- active packaging (4)
- additive (4)
- angiogenesis (4)
- antioxidant (4)
- apoptosis (4)
- mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- organic aciduria (4)
- organosolv (4)
- pioglitazone (4)
- thiazolidinediones (4)
- tissue engineering (4)
- Analytische Chemie (3)
- Antimicrobial activity (3)
- Antioxidant activity (3)
- Arthritis (3)
- Composites (3)
- Crystallinity (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- DNA typing (3)
- Dielectric analysis (3)
- Failure analysis (3)
- Glycine conjugation (3)
- Isovaleric acidemia (3)
- K/BxN (3)
- Ketogenesis (3)
- Ketone body (3)
- Kriminalistik (3)
- Malaria (3)
- Metabolic acidosis (3)
- Miscanthus x giganteus (3)
- Molecular dynamics (3)
- NMR (3)
- Plasmodium (3)
- Primary long-chain alkyl amines (3)
- Pyrolysis (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- SERS (3)
- Stem cells (3)
- TD-GC/MS (3)
- alumina (3)
- autophagy (3)
- biomass (3)
- bone (3)
- bone tissue engineering (3)
- chemometrics (3)
- classification (3)
- cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (3)
- differentiation (3)
- extraction (3)
- extremophiles (3)
- extrusion blow molding (3)
- hydrogel (3)
- insulin resistance (3)
- metabolic acidosis (3)
- poly(lactic acid) (3)
- preceramic paper (3)
- scaffold (3)
- shedding (3)
- sustainability (3)
- type 2 diabetes (3)
- ultrapure water (3)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (2)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (2)
- ACAT1 (2)
- AOP (2)
- Additiv (2)
- Additives (2)
- Adipose tissue (2)
- Aluminiumoxid (2)
- Aminoacylase (2)
- Analytical Chemistry (2)
- Analytics (2)
- Analytik (2)
- Anoplophora glabripennis (2)
- Antioxidans (2)
- Antioxidant capacity (2)
- Automotive industry (2)
- B cell activation (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Biomineralization (2)
- Bone (2)
- CIK cells (2)
- Canavan disease (2)
- Cathepsin K (2)
- Classification (2)
- Complement receptor (2)
- Complement receptor 2/CD21 (2)
- Complex modulus (2)
- Cysteine proteases (2)
- DMA (2)
- DNA (2)
- DSC (2)
- Dental follicle (2)
- Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (2)
- Diabetes (2)
- Differentiation (2)
- Discriminant analysis (2)
- Engineering (2)
- Enzyme activity (2)
- Extrusion blow molding (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Folin-Ciocalteu assay (2)
- GC-FID/NPD (2)
- GLYCTK (2)
- Glycine N-acyltransferase (2)
- Graphene (2)
- HIBADH (2)
- HIBADH deficiency (2)
- HMGCL (2)
- HPLC (2)
- HSQC NMR (2)
- Humans (2)
- Hyperspectral image (2)
- IR microspectroscopy (2)
- Ion viscosity (2)
- Ketoacidosis (2)
- Ketone body utilization (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- Lignocellulose feedstock (2)
- Mars (2)
- Massenspektrometrie (2)
- Membrane Transport (2)
- Metabolic decompensation (2)
- Microorganisms (2)
- Mxi-2 (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Nano-Systems (2)
- Organic acids (2)
- Organosolv lignin (2)
- Osteogenesis (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Principal Components Analysis (2)
- Prognosis (2)
- Pten (2)
- Py-EGA-MS (2)
- R-ratio (2)
- Raman microscopy (2)
- Raman-microspectroscopy (2)
- Renewable resource (2)
- Resins (2)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
- SLC (2)
- Shedding (2)
- Short tandem repeat (STR) (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Styrene (2)
- Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) (2)
- TNT (2)
- TOC (2)
- Thyme (2)
- Thymian (2)
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2)
- UV (2)
- VOC (2)
- Western Africa (2)
- Whole genome amplification (2)
- adhesion (2)
- aluminum bonding wire (2)
- antimicrobial activity (2)
- antioxidant activity (2)
- azadipeptide nitrile (2)
- bacteria (2)
- bio-based polymers (2)
- biobased (2)
- bioeconomy (2)
- blown film extrusion (2)
- bone regeneration (2)
- breast cancer (2)
- bulk detection (2)
- cardiovascular disease (2)
- cardiovascular risk (2)
- cell death (2)
- cell migration (2)
- coniferous woods (2)
- creep (2)
- cyanohydrazide warhead (2)
- cysteine proteases (2)
- d-Glycerate kinase deficiency (2)
- d-Glyceric aciduria (2)
- dielectric analysis (2)
- diffusion (2)
- discriminant analysis (2)
- essential oil (2)
- evolution (2)
- extraterrestrial analogue (2)
- extremophile (2)
- food loss (2)
- food waste (2)
- food-related bacteria (2)
- force generation (2)
- fruit quality (2)
- fungi (2)
- gas sensor (2)
- gas sensors (2)
- glimepiride (2)
- human cathepsins (2)
- identification (2)
- image fusion (2)
- improvised explosive devices (2)
- inborn error of metabolism (2)
- isoleucine (2)
- ketogenesis (2)
- ketolysis (2)
- ketone body (2)
- kraft lignin (2)
- leucine (2)
- library free detection (2)
- life detection (2)
- lifetime prediction (2)
- lignocellulose feedstock (2)
- low-input crops (2)
- mechanical properties (2)
- melanin (2)
- metabolic decompensation (2)
- migration (2)
- modeling (2)
- monolignol ratio (2)
- morphology (2)
- multivariate data processing (2)
- myosin (2)
- natural additives (2)
- nitrile inhibitors (2)
- osteoblast (2)
- osteoclast (2)
- ozonation (2)
- ozone (2)
- pansharpening (2)
- paper-derived ceramic (2)
- permeability (2)
- photolysis (2)
- photonic sensing (2)
- physical sensors (2)
- plant extracts (2)
- poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (2)
- polymers (2)
- polyphenols (2)
- power electronics (2)
- pressure sensitive adhesives (2)
- protease inhibitor (2)
- reaction kinetics (2)
- rheology (2)
- shelf life (2)
- small-scale fatigue testing (2)
- stem cell (2)
- stress response (2)
- structure (2)
- sulfonylurea (2)
- sustainable packaging (2)
- thermo-mechanical properties (2)
- total phenol content (2)
- transdermal therapeutic systems (2)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (2)
- (poly)saccharides (1)
- 1-MCP (1)
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing (1)
- 1H (1)
- 2B4 (1)
- 3-hydroxy-n-butyric acid (1)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- 31P NMR (1)
- 3D activity landscapes (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 5-Oxoprolinase (1)
- 5-oxoprolinuria (1)
- ABTS (1)
- ACacylcarnitines (1)
- ADP release (1)
- AMAtypical myopathy (1)
- AMT (1)
- APC superfamily (1)
- ASIC (1)
- ASPA (1)
- ASR (1)
- ATB0,+ (1)
- ATF4 (1)
- ATF6 (1)
- ATPase cycle (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Abies nordmanniana (1)
- Abies procera (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (1)
- Acorns (1)
- Active site mapping (1)
- Activity-based probes (1)
- Acylpeptide hydrolase (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adipogenesis (1)
- Adipogenic effect (1)
- Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (1)
- AdoMETDC (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adult Stem Cells/physiology (1)
- Affinity proteomics (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Age estimation (1)
- Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (1)
- Aglaonema hookerianum (1)
- Ago2 (1)
- Aloe vera (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Aminoacylase 1 (1)
- Amplifiers (1)
- Amylose stationary phases (1)
- Analytics Internship (1)
- Analytik Praktikum (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Ankle Joint (1)
- Ankle thickness (1)
- Antarctic Polar Plateau (1)
- Antarctic ice sheet (1)
- Anti-inflammatory effects (1)
- Antibodies* (1)
- Antibody Induced Arthritis (1)
- Antidepressant (1)
- Antioxidant assays (1)
- Antioxidanz (1)
- Antioxidative Capacity (1)
- Antioxidatives Potential (1)
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (1)
- Anxiolytic (1)
- Apheresis therapy (1)
- Aphrodisiac effects (1)
- Apple replant disease (1)
- Area under the curve (1)
- Articular Cartilage (1)
- Aspartic acid racemization (1)
- Aspartoacylase (1)
- Assay development (1)
- Assay reproducibility (1)
- Asymmetric cell division (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atlantic coast (1)
- AuNPs (1)
- Aufgabensammlung (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autoantibody (1)
- Automated Coating (1)
- Automated PyMS (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- Automotive Industry (1)
- Autophagy induction (1)
- B Defects (1)
- B Interfaces (1)
- B cells (1)
- B lymphocyte (1)
- BLAST (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacteria, Anaerobic (1)
- Bactericidal effect (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Basiswerkstoff (1)
- BcL-2 family (1)
- Bcl-2 (1)
- Beech wood (1)
- Benzoyl-coenzym A (1)
- Beta-ketothiolase (1)
- Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (1)
- Biaxiality (1)
- BioMark HD microfluidic system (1)
- Bioactive (1)
- Bioactive factors (1)
- Bioactivity (1)
- Bioaktiv (1)
- Bioaktive Verbindung (1)
- Bioaktivität (1)
- Bioassay (1)
- Biobased polymeric material (1)
- Biochemicals (1)
- Biochemische Analyse (1)
- Bioenergy (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biological databases (1)
- Biological therapy (1)
- Bioluminescence (1)
- Biomarkers stability (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Biomaterial (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosignatures (1)
- Blood glucose meter (1)
- Bond strength (1)
- Bone marrow-derived stem cells (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Bulk detection (1)
- Bulk fill (1)
- C-19 steroid (1)
- CD146 (1)
- CD30+ cells (1)
- CD40 (1)
- CD40, CTLA-4 (1)
- CDH1 (1)
- CDKN1B (1)
- CFTR inhibitors (1)
- CFTR mutations (1)
- CIK-Zellen (1)
- CR2 (1)
- CTNNB1 (1)
- CYP2C19 (1)
- CYP2C8 variants (1)
- CYP2C9 (1)
- CYP2D6 (1)
- Caffeine-containing drinks (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium Intracellular Release (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Camphorquinone (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cannabinoids (1)
- Canola (1)
- Carbapenem (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carboxen-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1)
- Carboxy-terminal fragments (1)
- Cardiovascular Disease (1)
- Cartilage Destruction (1)
- Catalyst Ink (1)
- Catalyst Layer (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Cathepsin B (1)
- Cathepsin S (1)
- Cathepsins (1)
- Cavities (1)
- Cell Cycle (1)
- Cell Differentiation (1)
- Cell Differentiation/physiology (1)
- Cell Signaling (1)
- Cell activation (1)
- Cell lineage (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cellulose stationary phases (1)
- Central sensitisation (1)
- Cervical cancer screening (1)
- Cervicovaginal microbiome (1)
- Chaetocin (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chemical calculations (1)
- Chemical imaging (1)
- Chemical resource (1)
- Chemical structure (1)
- Chemicals (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chiral stationary phases (1)
- Chiral-nematischer Flüssigkristall (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Christmas trees (1)
- Chromatogramm (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Chromatographische Analyse, Elektrophorese (1)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1)
- Cislunar (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collision induced dissociation (1)
- Color/Spot-Test (1)
- Colposcopy (1)
- Complement (1)
- Complement receptor 2 (1)
- Complement receptor 2 /CD21 (1)
- Composite resin (1)
- Compressive strength (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Corrosion protction (1)
- Coumarins (1)
- Crack formation (1)
- Cucumber peel waste (1)
- Curie-point pyrolysis (1)
- Curing behavior (1)
- Curing depth (1)
- Curing kinetics (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (1)
- D Multilayer (1)
- D Nickel alloy (1)
- D Zirconium oxide (1)
- DBSdried blot spots (1)
- DIDMOAD (1)
- DMFC (1)
- DNA Transcription (1)
- DNA double- strand breaks (1)
- DNA extraction protocols (1)
- DNA interaction (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA profile (1)
- DNA profiling (1)
- DOSY (1)
- DPPH (1)
- Daptomycin (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Defense and security (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Degradation products (1)
- Degraded DNA (1)
- Degree of conversion (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Dental (1)
- Dental composites (1)
- Dental material (1)
- Dental resin (1)
- Depth Of Cure (1)
- Derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (1)
- Desinfektion (1)
- Detektion von Explosivstoffen (1)
- Development (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diaminphenylderivat (1)
- Didaktik (1)
- Dielectric analysis (DEA) (1)
- Differenzierung (1)
- Dimethacrylate (1)
- Diodes (1)
- Diselenide bridge (1)
- Docking (1)
- Draw ratio (1)
- Drug target (1)
- Duroplast (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (1)
- Dystonia (1)
- E-cadherin (1)
- E. coli (1)
- E/I balance (1)
- EIF-5A (1)
- EPS (1)
- ER stress (1)
- ERO1α (1)
- ESKAPEE pathogens (1)
- Echtzeitüberwachung (1)
- Ectodomain shedding (1)
- Effect of post-irradiation curing (1)
- Einführung (1)
- Electrochemical cells (1)
- Electron beam physical vapor deposition (1)
- Elephantiasis (1)
- Elution (1)
- Enantioselective gas chromatography (1)
- Endoplasmatic reticulum (1)
- Endosomes (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelin-1 (1)
- Engineering plastics (1)
- Enzyme activity assays (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- Epitope mapping: Epitope extraction (1)
- Ernte (1)
- European horse chestnut (1)
- Eutectic Ti-Fe alloys (1)
- Evaluation of curing (1)
- ExoMars (1)
- Expanded polystyrene (EPS) (1)
- Explosivstoff (1)
- Extrusionsblasformen (1)
- FMR1 (1)
- FOXP3 (1)
- FRAP (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Fachrechnen (1)
- Familial glioma (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fe-ion radiation (1)
- Fertigation (1)
- Festigkeitslehre (1)
- Festschrift (1)
- Fiber reinforcement (1)
- Fiber-optic probe (1)
- Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) (1)
- Filler content (1)
- Fingerprint powder (1)
- Flow direction (1)
- Fluorescence-quenched substrates (1)
- Flüssigkristalline Polymere (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Folin-Ciocalteu (1)
- Folin–Ciocalteu assay (1)
- Food intolerance (1)
- Food packaging (1)
- Food security (1)
- Forensic genetics (1)
- Forensic genomics (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fragile X Syndrome (1)
- Frequenzauswertung (1)
- Fructose (1)
- Furnace pyrolyzer (1)
- Fährverkehr (1)
- GC (1)
- GC-FID (1)
- GC–MS (1)
- GC–MSgas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- GFRP (1)
- GMX1778 (1)
- Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) (1)
- Gas Chromatography (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (1)
- Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas sensors (1)
- Gas turbines (1)
- Gasanalyse (1)
- Gaschromatographie (1)
- Gassensor (1)
- Gasturbinenschaufel (1)
- Gelatin Zymography (1)
- Gene Expression Regulation (1)
- Genes (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Genotyp (1)
- Geopolymer (1)
- Geruchssinn (1)
- Ghanaian children (1)
- Glutamin N-phenylacetyltransferase (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glutathione synthetase (1)
- Glycerate (1)
- Glyceric aciduria (1)
- Glycin N-acyltransferase (1)
- Glycine N-Acyltransferase (GLYAT) (1)
- Glycogen storage disease type (1)
- Glycopeptides (1)
- Glyzinkonjugation (1)
- Graft material (1)
- Green fluorescent protein (1)
- Growth (1)
- HPLC Optimierung (1)
- HPTLC (1)
- HPV diagnostic (1)
- HS SPME (1)
- HS SPME–GC/MS (1)
- HSD10 (1)
- HSP90 (1)
- Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives (1)
- Hard tissue (1)
- Hardness mapping (1)
- Harnstoffzyklusdefekt (1)
- Hazardous material detection (1)
- Headspace SPME (1)
- Health care policy (1)
- Heparanase (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Heterogenes Sensorsystem (1)
- Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography – mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) (1)
- High speed tensile testing (1)
- High strain rate (1)
- High temperature deformation (1)
- High temperature laser powder bed fusion (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (1)
- Home made explosives (1)
- Homemade explosives (1)
- Homeobox (1)
- Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination Irreversible inhibition (1)
- Hydraulic cylinders (1)
- Hyperalgesia (1)
- Hyperammonemia (1)
- Hypoglycemia (1)
- Hypusine (1)
- ICP OES (1)
- IED (1)
- IR-microspectroscopy (1)
- IRE1 (1)
- Identification (1)
- Illegal Wildlife Trade (1)
- Immune escape (1)
- Immunoadsorption (1)
- Immunology* (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Improvised explosive devices (1)
- In silico epitope prediction (1)
- In silico modelling (1)
- Inborn errors of metabolism (1)
- Indentation techniques (1)
- Individualisierte Medizin (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Infrared (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Infrarotmikroskopie (1)
- Inherited metabolic disorders (1)
- Inhibitor (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Instrumental analysis (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Insulin glulisine (1)
- Intact proinsulin (1)
- Interface (1)
- Introduction (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ionenbeweglichkeitsspektroskopie (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Irradiance Distribution (1)
- Irradiance distribution (1)
- Isoleucine (1)
- Isoleucine degradation (1)
- Isomers (1)
- Isotherms (1)
- Isovalerianazidämie (1)
- Joint Destruction (1)
- Juvenile arthritis (JA) (1)
- K/BxN mouse model (1)
- K/B×N model (1)
- Kardioprotektion (1)
- Karl Fischer titration (1)
- Ketoasidoz (1)
- Ketogenic diet (1)
- Ketone body synthesis (1)
- Knochenersatz (1)
- Knochenzement (1)
- Knoop micro-hardness (1)
- Koagulation (1)
- Koaxiales Elektrospinnen (1)
- Kozak-sequence (1)
- Kraft lignin (1)
- Kriechen (1)
- Kriminaltechnik (1)
- Kunststoffverpackung (1)
- LC-HRMS (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LET (1)
- LFA-1 (1)
- LSPR (1)
- Laboratories and Demonstrations (1)
- Lamellae structure (1)
- Lanthanide luminescence (1)
- Laser drilling (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-Beam Profiler (1)
- Laserbohren (1)
- Lasermaterialbearbeitung (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Lebensmittelverpackungen (1)
- Leg (1)
- LeuT (1)
- Leucine (1)
- Leucine degradation (1)
- Lexikon (1)
- Libido-booster (1)
- Ligand -Receptor Interactions* (1)
- Light Curing Units (1)
- Light attenuation (1)
- Light curing (1)
- Light curing units (1)
- Light limitation (1)
- Light measurement (1)
- Lignin-based composites (1)
- Linear viscoelasticity (1)
- Lineare Viskoelastizität (1)
- Linezolid (1)
- Lipoaspirate (1)
- Lipoaspirates (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Local mechanical properties (1)
- Local process-dependent properties (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Long-chain N-1-alkyl-1,3-propanediamines (1)
- Low-input crops (1)
- Luftfracht (1)
- Lymphedema (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- Lysosomes (1)
- MADDMultiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- MALDI QIT TOF MS (1)
- MAP (1)
- MAPO (1)
- MCT (1)
- MICA/B (1)
- MMP-9 (1)
- MOCS1 (1)
- MOX Gassensoren (1)
- MOX gas sensors (1)
- MPV17 monoclonal antibody (1)
- MRPP (1)
- MS (1)
- MS/MS peptide sequencing (1)
- MSCs (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Mal d 1 (1)
- Malus domestica (1)
- Malus genotypes (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Mars environment (1)
- Mars exploration (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Mast cells (1)
- Materialverarbeitung (1)
- Matrix metalloproteases (1)
- Meat-associated Microorganisms (1)
- Mechanical properties of materials (1)
- Mechanische Prüfung (1)
- Mehrachsigkeit (1)
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology (1)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- Metabolicdecompensation (1)
- Metal oxide gas sensors (1)
- Metals (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Michael acceptors (1)
- Micro-mechanical properties (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Microindentation (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Miscanthus nagara (1)
- Miscanthus robustus (1)
- Miscanthus sinensis (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (1)
- Mitochondrial apoptogens (1)
- Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) (1)
- Mitochondrial tRNA (1)
- Mobile explosive identification (1)
- Moco deficiency (1)
- Mold temperature (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular weight (1)
- Molekulargewicht (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor (1)
- Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (1)
- Motion tracking (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Movement disorder (1)
- Multi-lineage differentiation (1)
- Multilineage potential (1)
- Multimodal hyperspectral data (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- N-acetylaspartic acid (1)
- N-acylated amino acids (1)
- N-isovalerylglycine (1)
- NAI (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NFκB pathway (1)
- NGS (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NLRP3 inflammasome (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NSS family (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nachwachsender Rohstoff (1)
- Nadelhölzer (1)
- Nafion™ (1)
- Nano-systems (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Native mass spectrometry (1)
- Naturkautschuk (1)
- Near-field synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Neugeborenenscreening (1)
- Neurometabolic disease (1)
- Neuropilin (1)
- Neuroprotective (1)
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Next generation sequencing (NGS) (1)
- Nickel-based superalloy (1)
- Nickelbasis-Superlegierung (1)
- Nitriles (1)
- Nitrogruppe (1)
- Node involvement (1)
- Non-covalent interaction MS* (1)
- Non-destructive (1)
- Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (1)
- Nonlinear coefficient (1)
- O3/UV (1)
- OA, organic acids (1)
- OH-Zahl-Bestimmungen (1)
- OH-number (1)
- OXCT1 (1)
- Oak leaf poisoning (1)
- Off-target effects (1)
- Oligodendroglioma (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Optische Gassensorik (1)
- Orai1 (1)
- Organische Säuren (1)
- Organosolv (1)
- Organosolv process (1)
- Organosolv-Lignin (1)
- Organosolv-Verfahren (1)
- Orientation averaging (1)
- Orion (1)
- Osteogene Linie (1)
- Osteogenic differentiation (1)
- Osteogenic lineage (1)
- Ovarian cancer (1)
- Oxazolidinone antibiotics (1)
- P1 receptor (1)
- P2 receptor (1)
- P4 medicine (1)
- PCR inhibitors (1)
- PD-1/CTLA-4 (1)
- PDI (1)
- PEM electrolysis (1)
- PERK (1)
- PLASM (1)
- PLS-regression (1)
- PTHrP (1)
- PTR-MS (1)
- PTR-ToF (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Partial least squares regression (1)
- Partikeltechnologie (1)
- Partikelverarbeitung (1)
- Pathogenic Bacteria (1)
- Pattern recognition (1)
- Patterning (1)
- Paulownia (1)
- Paulownia tomemtosa (1)
- Peptidomimetic inhibitors (1)
- Permeation (1)
- Peroxisomes (1)
- Pervanadate (1)
- Pharmacogenetics (1)
- Phase II Reaktion (1)
- Phase II reaction (1)
- Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze (1)
- Phenole-formaldehyde resin (1)
- Phenolic acids (1)
- Phenylacetyl-coenzym A (1)
- Phenyls (1)
- Photoinitiator (1)
- Photopolymerization (1)
- Phycocyanin lyase (1)
- Physical sensors (1)
- Physiological stress responses in plants (1)
- Picea abies (1)
- Picea pungens (1)
- Plasmid DNA (pBR322) (1)
- Pleiotropic drug resistance (1)
- Poly(acrylonitrile-co-1,3-butadiene-co-styrene)/polyamide 6 (ABS/PA 6) blends (1)
- Polymer Chemistry (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymers/copolymers (1)
- Polysaccharide derivatives (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethan-Coatings (1)
- Polyurethanbeschichtungen (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Post-prandial metabolism (1)
- Poultry (1)
- Poultry meat (1)
- Poultry spoilage (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Pressure-sensitive adhesive (1)
- Primary explosives (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probenahme (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Promoter methylation (1)
- Propellants (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Proteasome maturation (1)
- Protected cultivation (1)
- Protein complex analysis (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Prunus avium L. (1)
- Präkeramische Papiere (1)
- Prüfungsvorbereitung (1)
- Ps. fluorescens (1)
- Pulping (1)
- Purinergic signaling (1)
- Py-GC/MS (1)
- Py-MS (1)
- Pyrogallol (1)
- Pyroglutamic aciduria (1)
- Pyrolyse-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) (1)
- Pyrolysis-GC/FID (1)
- Pyrolysis-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis-evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (1)
- Pyrolysis–GC/MS (1)
- Qualitative Analysis (1)
- Qualitative analysis (1)
- Quantification (1)
- Quasi equilibrium conditions (1)
- R751L (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Raman and FTIR spectroscopies (1)
- Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Rapeseed pomace (1)
- Rapid method (1)
- Real-time measurement (1)
- Receptors, Purinergic P2 (1)
- Receptors, Purinergic/genetics/physiology (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Research reproducibility and replicability (1)
- Resin based composite (1)
- Resin composite (1)
- Resin-based composites (1)
- Resource Planning (1)
- Ressource (1)
- Restorative composite (1)
- Reversible inhibition (1)
- RheoTack analysis (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Rheometer (1)
- Rosskastanie (1)
- Rubbers (1)
- S-sulfocysteine (1)
- SAM486A (1)
- SARS-COV-2 virus (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCNN1D (1)
- SEC (1)
- SGN-35 (1)
- SHAP (1)
- SLC6 (1)
- SLC6A14 (1)
- SMBG (1)
- SNPSTR (1)
- SOS-LC (1)
- SOS-LUX test (1)
- SPME (1)
- STARLIFE project (1)
- STF-31 (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Safety and security (1)
- Sample digestion (1)
- Saponin (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Schadensanalyse (1)
- Schmauchspur (1)
- Schneeglöckchen (1)
- Schusswaffe (1)
- Schwindung (1)
- Sclera (1)
- Second-Year Undergraduate (1)
- Secondary compounds in plants (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Selektives Screening (1)
- Selenocysteine (1)
- Self-assembling (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Serine (1)
- Serine proteases (1)
- Sexual assault (1)
- Shear thickening (1)
- Shear viscosity (1)
- Sicherheitsmaßnahme (1)
- Silica gel (1)
- Silica-based nanobeads (1)
- Silicon Carbides (1)
- Silphium (1)
- Silphium perfoliatum (1)
- Simulated sunlight (1)
- Sinapine (1)
- Single Lens Reflex Camera (1)
- Single sperm cells (1)
- Skin (1)
- Skin cells (1)
- Skin flakes (1)
- Soluble CD21 (1)
- Soluble CD23 (1)
- Solution chemistry (1)
- Space (1)
- Space radiation (1)
- Spectroscropy (1)
- Sperm cells (1)
- Spermatozoa (1)
- Splicing (1)
- Spoilage (1)
- Spoilage bacteria (1)
- Sports doping (1)
- Sprengstoffspürhund (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Spürhund (1)
- Stabilisator (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Stabilizer (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Static stiffness (1)
- Statik (1)
- Statistical methods (1)
- Steinzeug (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stem cell differentiation (1)
- Stereoisomers (1)
- Steroidal saponin (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Storage modulus (1)
- Store-operated calcium entry (1)
- Strain stiffening (1)
- Stress analysis (1)
- Stress strain relation (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Studienfach (1)
- Study Island (1)
- Stöchiometrie (1)
- Substrate mapping (1)
- Substrate specificity (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfonamides (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Supervised classification (1)
- Support vector machines (1)
- Surfaces, interfaces and thin films (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Survey (1)
- Suspension (1)
- Sympathetic reflexes (1)
- Synergie (1)
- Synovial fluid (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE) (1)
- TATP (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- TOF (1)
- Tandem-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Tap water (1)
- Targeted mass spectrometry (1)
- Technische Chemie (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Telogen hair (1)
- Temperaturgradienten (1)
- Template-mediation (1)
- Terbium(III) dipicolinic acid complex (1)
- Tetramerisation (1)
- Therapeutic antibodies* (1)
- Thermal barrier coating (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermochemical conversion (1)
- Thermodynamics (1)
- Thermoplastic polyurethanes (1)
- Thermormechanical fatigue/cycling (1)
- Thermoschockverhalten (1)
- Thiol antioxidants (1)
- TiO2-coatings (1)
- Time dependency (1)
- Time–kill methodology (1)
- Tinten (1)
- Tissue-specific promoters (1)
- Total phenol content (1)
- Transcription Regulation (1)
- Transcriptional targeting (1)
- Transdermal therapeutic system (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Trapped radicals (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Truncated dhs (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- UPR signaling (1)
- UV Absorption (1)
- UV absorbance (1)
- UV spectrum (1)
- UV-Absorption (1)
- UV-VIS (1)
- UV-vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultimate coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Ultrafine microstructures (1)
- Ultrasonic studies (1)
- Unconjugated THC-COOH (1)
- Urea cycle defect (1)
- Urinary bladder (1)
- Urinary organic acids (1)
- Urine organic acid analysis (1)
- Urothione (1)
- Used engine oil (1)
- VOCs (1)
- Valproic acid (1)
- Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1)
- Vascular cells (1)
- Vascular grafts (1)
- Vascular permeability (1)
- Vasculature (1)
- Verzug (1)
- Vibrational microspectroscopy (1)
- Vickers hardness (1)
- Vim3 (1)
- Visceral afferents (1)
- Visceral lipid tissue (1)
- Visceral pain (1)
- Viscoelastic behavior (1)
- Visible light curing (1)
- Visible light curing resin (1)
- Visible light-curing (1)
- Vitamin A acetate isomers (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Vulkanisation (1)
- WAXS (1)
- WZB117 (1)
- Wasserverteilung (1)
- Weihnachtsbaum (1)
- Werkstoffmodellierung (1)
- Western blot (1)
- Whole genome amplification (WGA) (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wild Type Mouse (1)
- Wildlife Forensics (1)
- Wireless sensor network (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wnt/β-catenin (1)
- Wolframin (1)
- Wärmedämmschicht (1)
- X Thermal barrier coating (1)
- X-STR (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) (1)
- XBP1 (1)
- XGBoost (1)
- XRD (1)
- Y-STR (1)
- Yeast (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young’s modulus (1)
- Zahnfollikel (1)
- Zahnfüllung (1)
- Zytokin-induzierte Killerzellen (1)
- accelerated iron ions (1)
- accurate monitoring (1)
- acetoacetic acid (1)
- acetone (1)
- acidic ethanosolv (1)
- actin (1)
- actinometry (1)
- adhesion factor (1)
- adoptive cell transfer (1)
- adverse effects (1)
- aerogels (1)
- agarose (1)
- aircraft engine part (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- alkaline phosphatase (1)
- alkyl amines (1)
- allergenicity (1)
- allosteric communication (1)
- altered mitochondrial homeostasis (1)
- amelogenesis (1)
- amino acid transporter (1)
- amodiaquine (1)
- amorphous 2D polymer (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- anabolic (1)
- anaplastic lymphoma kinase (1)
- angiodiabetes (1)
- anorganische Schmauchspur (1)
- antibacterial (1)
- antibiotic prophylaxis (1)
- antibody–drug conjugate (1)
- antifungal (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- antimicrobial coatings (1)
- antimikrobielle Beschichtungen (1)
- antioxidative capacity (1)
- antiradical activity (1)
- apple allergy (1)
- apple replant disease (ARD) (1)
- arthritis (1)
- ash (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- atmosphere (1)
- autism spectrum disorders (1)
- autohydrolysis (1)
- autoimmune disease (1)
- autologous bone graft (1)
- automated electrophysiology (1)
- automated sensor-screening (1)
- automatic measurement validation (1)
- automation of sample processing (1)
- automotive paint (1)
- automotive lever (1)
- autophagy signaling pathways (1)
- bagasse (1)
- basalt (1)
- bdelloid rotifer (1)
- beaching (1)
- behavior and cognition (1)
- benchtop (1)
- benzoyl-coA (1)
- beta-ketothiolase (1)
- bio-based (1)
- bio-chemicals (1)
- bio-innovation (1)
- bioactive factors (1)
- biobased plastics (1)
- biobasiert (1)
- biobasierte Kunststoffe (1)
- biochemical fingerprinting (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- biocomposite (1)
- biodegradable (1)
- bioenergy (1)
- biofilm removal (1)
- biofilm-related infections (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomarker profile (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biomolecules (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- biorefineries (1)
- bio‐based (1)
- black fungi (1)
- blebbistatin (1)
- blood glucose meters (1)
- blood glucose monitoring device (1)
- blood vessel (1)
- blow molding (1)
- blown film (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- brain tumor (1)
- branched-chain amino acids (1)
- breast carcinoma (1)
- brightfield microscopy (1)
- brilliant green (1)
- built environment (1)
- bulk and local viscoelastic properties (1)
- bypass graft (1)
- cPMP (1)
- cabbage waste (1)
- calendering (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer biomarker (1)
- cancer treatment (1)
- cannabidiol, immunotherapy (1)
- cardiodiabetes (1)
- cardiovascular replacement (1)
- cartilage (1)
- caspase (1)
- caspases (1)
- catabolic (1)
- catalysis (1)
- cell division (1)
- cell harvesting (1)
- cell viability (1)
- cellulose saccharification (1)
- cementogenesis (1)
- ceramic (1)
- ceramics (1)
- chaetocin (1)
- chain extender cross-linker (1)
- chain extenders cross-linker (1)
- chain extending cross-linker (1)
- chain-extending cross-linker (1)
- characterization (1)
- chemical pathology (1)
- chemosensing (1)
- chiral-nematic (1)
- chitosan (1)
- cholesteric liquid crystals (1)
- cholesteric phase (1)
- chromanones (1)
- chromatogram library (1)
- ciclopirox olamine (1)
- clear cell renal cell carcinoma (1)
- clear coat (1)
- clinical trials (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coaxial electrospinning (1)
- coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- coffee ring effect (1)
- collagen (1)
- combination (1)
- combination of treatments (1)
- common variable immunodeficiency (1)
- components (1)
- composite materials (1)
- composites (1)
- compost disintegration (1)
- condensation (1)
- conditioned media (1)
- confocal fluorescence microscopy (1)
- contribution ratio (1)
- copolymers of methacrylic acid with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate macromonomers (1)
- core-sheath fibers (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cost optimization (1)
- cracks (1)
- creep compliance (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- crystal violet (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- cube in cube model (1)
- curing behavior (1)
- cysticfibrosis (1)
- cytoskeleton (1)
- data base search (1)
- data evaluation (1)
- decay classes (1)
- defects (1)
- deformation behavior (1)
- degraded DNA (1)
- degree of disintegration (1)
- delta-subunit (1)
- demethylation (1)
- dental implant (1)
- dental polymers (1)
- dental stem cells (1)
- dental stem cells immortalization (1)
- dentinogenesis (1)
- dentogenesis (1)
- dependability analysis (1)
- depolymerization (1)
- desert cyanobacteria (1)
- designer drugs (1)
- detaching (1)
- determination of OH content (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic dyslipidemia (1)
- diagnosis and management (1)
- dielectric analysis (DEA) (1)
- dielektrická analýza (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- disintegration kinetics (1)
- dissolved ozone (1)
- distribuce záření (1)
- distributed embedded computing system (1)
- draw ratio (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug detection (1)
- drug release materials (1)
- duty ratio (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) (1)
- eIF-5A (1)
- electroless copper deposition (1)
- electroretinography (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- elementary volume (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- endocytosis (1)
- endometrial carcinoma (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum stress (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial cell differentiation (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- energy deposition (1)
- energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (1)
- engineering plastics (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- epithelial sodium channel (1)
- epithelial transport (1)
- epitope mapping (1)
- ethacrynic acid (1)
- exon fusion (1)
- explosives (1)
- explosives detection (1)
- extra column band broadening (1)
- extraction-linked bias (1)
- failure analysis (1)
- fasentin (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- feature (1)
- fiber composites (1)
- fish gill (1)
- flow cytometry (1)
- flow direction (1)
- fluorinated salts (1)
- food contact material (1)
- food safety (1)
- force-retraction displacement-curve (1)
- forensic (1)
- forensic genetics (1)
- formulation (1)
- fotokompozit (1)
- fractional activity (1)
- fungal and bacterial amplicon sequencing (1)
- gas turbine blade (1)
- gene expression (1)
- generative manufacturing (1)
- genetic polymorphism (1)
- genomic data (1)
- genotype (1)
- geopolymer (1)
- geopolymer foam (1)
- glass fibers (1)
- glucocheck (1)
- glucose uptake inhibitor (1)
- glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase (1)
- glycemic control (1)
- glycerol (1)
- greenhouse bio-test (1)
- growth factors (1)
- growth hormone (1)
- guidelines (1)
- habitability (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- hard and soft tissue (1)
- hardness testing (1)
- harvest prediction (1)
- healthcare-associated infections (HAI) (1)
- heart protection (1)
- heat shock proteins (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heat-transfer method (1)
- heavy ion particle (HZE) radations (1)
- helical drilling (1)
- helical twisting power (1)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- heterocyclic (1)
- heterozygous ALPL mutation (1)
- high diagnostic coverage and reliability (1)
- high dynamic range resistance readout (1)
- high-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (1)
- high-throughput DNA sequencing (1)
- high-throughput qRT-PCR (1)
- high-throughput sequencing (1)
- histamine receptor (1)
- histamine receptor antagonist (1)
- histidine decarboxylase (1)
- histone deacetylase inhibitors (1)
- homemade explosives (1)
- homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) (1)
- horse chestnut (1)
- hospital environment (1)
- hospital-acquired infections (1)
- human cholinesterases (1)
- human microbiome (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (1)
- hyperammonemia (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypogammaglobulinemia (1)
- hypoglycemia (1)
- hypophosphatasia (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- iPS cells (1)
- iPSCs (1)
- iPad (1)
- immune checkpoint inhibition programmed cell death-1 (1)
- immunhistochemistry (1)
- immunology (1)
- impact monitoring (1)
- impact sensitivity (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- impregnation-reduction (1)
- increments of retention indices (1)
- individualized therapy (1)
- infection prevention (1)
- infectious disease (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- inherited metabolic disease (1)
- inorganic pyrophosphate (1)
- intact proinsulin (1)
- integrative Simulation (1)
- integrative simulation (1)
- interferon γ (1)
- internal drug exposure (1)
- intrinsic pathway (1)
- invasion (1)
- ion viscosity (1)
- ionic polymer metal (1)
- isoleucine metabolism (1)
- isothermal (1)
- ketogenesis defects (1)
- ketogenez defektleri (1)
- ketoliz defektleri (1)
- ketolysis defects (1)
- keton bodies (1)
- ketone body synthesis (1)
- kinetika vytvrzování (1)
- klarzelliges Nierenzellkarzinom (1)
- layer-by-layer encapsulation (1)
- leishmaniasis (1)
- leucine degradation (1)
- life on Mars (1)
- life-detection (1)
- light distribution (1)
- lignin structure analysis (1)
- lignocellulose chemistry (1)
- lignocellulosic feedstock (1)
- lignocellulosic raw material (1)
- lignosulfonate (1)
- liquid chromatography (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystals (1)
- long interspersed nuclear element-1 (1)
- long-term storage (1)
- low detection limits (1)
- low molecular weight (1)
- low-level laser therapy (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- mTOR (1)
- major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) (1)
- massive parallel sequencing (1)
- material modelling (1)
- materials processing (1)
- maturity index (1)
- mechanical testing (1)
- mechanical thinning (1)
- melt fraction (1)
- melt interconnection (1)
- member D (NKG2D) (1)
- mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- mesogens (1)
- metabolic effects (1)
- metabolically active cells (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor gas sensors (1)
- methylmalonic acidaemia (1)
- methylmalonic acidemia (1)
- miR-15 (1)
- miR-498 (1)
- micro processing (1)
- microbial community structure (1)
- microbial contamination (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microbiome analyses (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- microindentation (1)
- micromanipulation (1)
- microplastic (1)
- microsatellite instability (1)
- mitochondrial biogenesis (1)
- mixed-mode chromatography (1)
- mobile Explosivstoffdetektion (1)
- modelling (1)
- mold temperature (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular mass degradation (1)
- molecular motor (1)
- molecular pathology (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molecular weight determination (1)
- molecule-surface interactions (1)
- monoamine oxidases (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-drug response (1)
- multiaxial stress state (1)
- multidimensional (1)
- multineurotarget agents (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple myeloma (MM) (1)
- multiresolution analysis (1)
- multivariate data analysis (1)
- multivariate statistical analysis (1)
- multivariate statistics (1)
- mutations (1)
- myogenesis (1)
- nachhaltig (1)
- nano structured gas sensors (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanocrystalline diamond (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- nanostructured surfaces (1)
- natural fiber (1)
- natural killer group 2 (1)
- neoexpression (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- nitrogen dioxide (1)
- non-HDL-C and Cardiovascular disease (1)
- non-apoptotic roles (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- non-woven fiber mats (1)
- nondestructive examination (1)
- nosocomial infections (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nutrient germinants (1)
- nutrigenetics (1)
- nutrigenomics (1)
- odontogenic cells (1)
- operando Raman spectroscopies (1)
- organic acid analysis (1)
- organische Schmauchspur (1)
- organoids (1)
- organosolv lignin (1)
- orthotropes prozessabhängiges Materialverhalten (1)
- orthotropic process-dependent material behavior (1)
- osteogenic potential (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- outer space (1)
- oxalic acid (1)
- p27 (1)
- p53 (1)
- paediatric clinical genetics & dysmorphology (1)
- paediatric endocrinology (1)
- paediatric intensive & critical care (1)
- panspermia (1)
- papier-abgeleitete Keramiken (1)
- papierabgeleitete Keramik (1)
- partial melting (1)
- partial squares regression (1)
- particle processing (1)
- particulate composite (1)
- patent (1)
- pathogen control (1)
- pathogenic microorganisms (1)
- pathophysiology (1)
- peptide sequencing (1)
- perpendicular (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- pharmacokinetics (1)
- phase II reaction (1)
- phenylacetyl-coA (1)
- phenylketonuria (1)
- phosphoethanolamine (1)
- photo-curing of polymers (1)
- photo-polymerization (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photostabiliser (1)
- phytoalexins (1)
- pigments (1)
- planetary protection (1)
- plastic pollution (1)
- poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (1)
- poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate macromonomers (1)
- polybutylene adipate terephthalate (1)
- polyelectrolytes (1)
- polylactic acid (1)
- polysaccharide (1)
- polytunnel (1)
- polyurethane coatings (1)
- porosity (1)
- porphyria (1)
- postmenopause (1)
- potentiometric sensors (1)
- power industry (1)
- power stroke (1)
- precision (1)
- pressure sensitive adhesive (1)
- primary airway epithelial cells (1)
- primates (1)
- primäre Explosivstoffe (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- prioritizable ranking (1)
- proanthocyanidins (1)
- probiotic cleaning (1)
- probiotic-based cleaning formulations (1)
- process parameters (1)
- process-induced morphology (1)
- process-induced structure (1)
- processing-structure-property relationship (1)
- project-specific cost profile (1)
- proliferation (1)
- propionic acidaemia (1)
- propionic acidemia (1)
- protected cultivation (1)
- protein microarray (1)
- proteomics (1)
- prototype apparatus (1)
- proximal tubule (1)
- präkeramisches Papier (1)
- pseudogene (1)
- purinergic receptor (1)
- purinergic receptors (1)
- pyridoxal phosphate (1)
- pyrolysis-GC (1)
- pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (1)
- pyroplastic deformation (1)
- pyroplastic index (1)
- pyroplastische Verformung (1)
- pyroplastischer Index (1)
- qNMR (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quantitative RP-HPLC-DAD (1)
- quantitative RT-PCR (1)
- radiation (1)
- radioresistance (1)
- rating method (1)
- real-time PCR (1)
- recurrent ketoacidotic episodes (1)
- redundancy (1)
- regenerative medicine (1)
- relative density (1)
- release kinetics (1)
- renal cancer (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- renal tubular cells (1)
- resin for 3D-printing (1)
- resistance (1)
- ressources (1)
- restenosis (1)
- retinal degeneration (1)
- retraction speed dependency (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- ring-size statistics (1)
- ripening (1)
- rodent (1)
- rodents (1)
- rosiglitazone (1)
- rubbers (1)
- sCD21 (1)
- safety measures (1)
- scanning tunnelling microscopy (1)
- scratch assay (1)
- screening (1)
- seed coat (1)
- selectivity tuning (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-monitoring BG (1)
- semiconducting metal oxide gas sensor array (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- sensitize (1)
- sensor array (1)
- sensory characterisation (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sexual assault (1)
- short tandem repeat (1)
- short tandem repeat (STR) (1)
- short-range correlation (1)
- shrinkage (1)
- single-domain antibody (1)
- single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA (1)
- sintering (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- size exclusion chromatography (1)
- skin cancer (1)
- slope based signature (1)
- smooth muscle cell (1)
- smooth muscle cell differentiation (1)
- snowdrop (1)
- sodium alginate (1)
- sodium self-inhibition (1)
- soil properties (1)
- soil sickness (1)
- sol-gel support (1)
- solute carrier (1)
- solvent exchange (1)
- space radiation environment (1)
- sperm cell (1)
- spore resistance (1)
- sporegermination (1)
- stabilisation (1)
- stabiliser (1)
- stationary phase (1)
- staurosporine (1)
- steady-state concentration (1)
- stem cell niche (1)
- stent (1)
- stoneware (1)
- stress analysis (1)
- structural biology (1)
- structural coloration (1)
- structure elucidation (1)
- structure prediction (1)
- substance aging (1)
- superalloys (1)
- supercritical drying (1)
- superficially porous particles (1)
- supramolecular liquid crystals (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface sanitization (1)
- surfaces (1)
- surrogate endpoint (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainable (1)
- sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) (1)
- sweet sorghum (1)
- switchgear station (1)
- synergism (1)
- synergistic effect (1)
- synthetic sapphire (1)
- system lay-out (1)
- system optimization (1)
- systemic response (1)
- tRNA processing (1)
- tack (1)
- temperature influence (1)
- templates (1)
- temporomandibular joint (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal barrier coating (1)
- thermal gradient (1)
- thermal insulation material (1)
- thermal insulation materials (1)
- thermal shock behaviour (1)
- thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- thermochemical conversion (1)
- thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- thermomechanical fatigue/cycling (1)
- thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- thermophoresis (1)
- thermosensing (1)
- thin film (1)
- tiglyglycine (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- total phenolic content (1)
- transcriptional regulation (1)
- transient kinetics (1)
- transient receptor potential vanilloid Type 2 (1)
- triacetone triperoxide (1)
- triacetone triperoxides (1)
- triiodothyronine (1)
- triphenylmethane dyes (1)
- tumor diagnosis (1)
- tunable pitch (1)
- tunable sheet resistance (1)
- tungsten oxide (1)
- tungsten oxides (1)
- tvrdost (1)
- two-electrode voltage clamp (1)
- ultrashort pulse laser (1)
- unfolded protein response (1)
- unfolded protein response (UPR) (1)
- urea cycle defect (1)
- valine catabolic pathway (1)
- valine degradation (1)
- van Deemter curve (1)
- viscoelastic properties (1)
- visible light curing resin based composites (1)
- viskoelastické vlastnosti (1)
- volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- vytvrzování světlem (1)
- warpage (1)
- water-to-land transition (1)
- wearable technology (1)
- whole genome amplification (WGA) (1)
- whole-tooth regeneration (1)
- woody debris (1)
- wound healing assay (1)
- yield (1)
- yin-yang effect (1)
- zona pellucida protein 2 ZP2 (1)
- µCT (1)
- ß-OHB (1)
- ß-hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-amino acids (1)
- β-catenin (1)
- β-catenin expression (1)
- β-cell dysfunction (1)
- β-cells (1)
- γ-glutamyl cycle (1)
- σ1 and σ2 receptors (1)
Due to the use of fossil fuel resources, many environmental problems have been increasingly growing. Thus, the recent research focuses on the use of environment friendly materials from sustainable feedstocks for future fuels, chemicals, fibers and polymers. Lignocellulosic biomass has become the raw material of choice for these new materials. Recently, the research has focused on using lignin as a substitute material in many industrial applications. The antiradical and antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-based films are both of great interest for applications such as food packaging additives. DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Kraft lignin compared to Organosolv lignins from different biomasses. The purification procedure of Kraft lignin showed that double-fold selective extraction is the most efficient confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, HSQC, 31PNMR, SEC, and XRD. The antioxidant capacity was discussed regarding the biomass source, pulping process, and degree of purification. Lignin obtained from industrial black liquor are compared with beech wood samples: Biomass source influences the DPPH inhibition (softwood > grass) and the TPC (softwood < grass). DPPH inhibition affected by the polarity of the extraction solvent. Following the trend: ethanol > diethylether > acetone. Reduced polydispersity has positive influence on the DPPH inhibition. Storage decreased the DPPH inhibition but increased the TPC values. The DPPH assay was also used to discuss the antiradical activity of HPMC/lignin and HPMC/lignin/chitosan films. In both binary (HPMC/lignin) and ternary (HPMC/lignin/chitosan) systems the 5% addition showed the highest activity and the highest addition had the lowest. Both scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are dependent on the biomass source; Organosolv of softwood > Kraft of softwood > Organosolv of grass. Lignins and lignin-containing films showed high antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 35 °C and at low temperatures (0-7 °C). Purification of Kraft lignin has a negative effect on the antimicrobial activity while storage has positive effect. The lignin leaching in the produced films affected the activity positively and the chitosan addition enhances the activity for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Testing the films against food spoilage bacteria that grow at low temperatures revealed the activity of the 30% addition on HPMC/L1 film against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens while L5 was active only against B. thermosphacta. In HPMC/lignin/chitosan films, the 5% addition exhibited activity against both food spoilage bacteria.
ENaC channels
(2023)
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heterotrimeric ion channel that plays a key role in sodium and water homeostasis in tetrapod vertebrates. In the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, hormonally controlled ENaC expression matches dietary sodium intake to its excretion. Furthermore, ENaC mediates sodium absorption across the epithelia of the colon, sweat ducts, reproductive tract, and lung. ENaC is a constitutively active ion channel and its expression, membrane abundance, and open probability (PO) are controlled by multiple intracellular and extracellular mediators and mechanisms [9]. Aberrant ENaC regulation is associated with severe human diseases, including hypertension, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary edema, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, and nephrotic syndrome [9].
Introduction: After cellulose, lignin represents the most abundant biopolymer on earth that accounts for up to 18-35 % by weight of lignocellulose biomass. Today, it is a by-product of the paper and pulping industry. Although lignin is available in huge amounts, mainly in form of so called black liquor produced via Kraft-pulping, processes for the valorization of lignin are still limited [1]. Due to its hyperbranched polyphenol-like structure, lignin gained increasing interest as biobased building block for polymer synthesis [2]. The present work is focused on extraction and purification of lignin from industrial black liquor and synthesis of lignin-based polyurethanes.
Lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) provides a sustainable source of components to produce bioenergy, biofuel, and novel biomaterials. Besides hard and soft wood, so-called low-input plants such as Miscanthus are interesting crops to be investigated as potential feedstock for the second generation biorefinery. The status quo regarding the availability and composition of different plants, including grasses and fast-growing trees (i.e., Miscanthus, Paulownia), is reviewed here. The second focus of this review is the potential of multivariate data processing to be used for biomass analysis and quality control. Experimental data obtained by spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), can be processed using computational techniques to characterize the 3D structure and energetic properties of the feedstock building blocks, including complex linkages. Here, we provide a brief summary of recently reported experimental data for structural analysis of LCF biomasses, and give our perspectives on the role of chemometrics in understanding and elucidating on LCF composition and lignin 3D structure.
Renewable resources gain increasing interest as source for environmentally benign biomaterials, such as drug encapsulation/release compounds, and scaffolds for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. Being the second largest naturally abundant polymer, the interest in lignin valorization for biomedical utilization is rapidly growing. Depending on resource and isolation procedure, lignin shows specific antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Today, efforts in research and industry are directed toward lignin utilization as renewable macromolecular building block for the preparation of polymeric drug encapsulation and scaffold materials. Within the last five years, remarkable progress has been made in isolation, functionalization and modification of lignin and lignin-derived compounds. However, literature so far mainly focuses lignin-derived fuels, lubricants and resins. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and to highlight the most important results in the field of lignin-based materials for potential use in biomedicine (reported in 2014–2018). Special focus is drawn on lignin-derived nanomaterials for drug encapsulation and release as well as lignin hybrid materials used as scaffolds for guided bone regeneration in stem cell-based therapies.
Antioxidant activity is an essential aspect of oxygen-sensitive merchandise and goods, such as food and corresponding packaging, cosmetics, and biomedicine. Technical lignin has not yet been applied as a natural antioxidant, mainly due to the complex heterogeneous structure and polydispersity of lignin. This report presents antioxidant capacity studies completed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The influence of purification on lignin structure and activity was investigated. The purification procedure showed that double-fold selective extraction is the most efficient (confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and X-ray diffraction), resulting in fractions of very narrow polydispersity (3.2⁻1.6), up to four distinct absorption bands in UV/Vis spectroscopy. Due to differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the glass transition temperature increased from 123 to 185 °C for the purest fraction. Antioxidant capacity is discussed regarding the biomass source, pulping process, and degree of purification. Lignin obtained from industrial black liquor are compared with beech wood samples: antioxidant activity (DPPH inhibition) of kraft lignin fractions were 62⁻68%, whereas beech and spruce/pine-mixed lignin showed values of 42% and 64%, respectively. Total phenol content (TPC) of the isolated kraft lignin fractions varied between 26 and 35%, whereas beech and spruce/pine lignin were 33% and 34%, respectively. Storage decreased the TPC values but increased the DPPH inhibition.
Antioxidant activity is an essential feature required for oxygen-sensitive merchandise and goods, such as food and corresponding packaging as well as materials used in cosmetics and biomedicine. For example, vanillin, one of the most prominent antioxidants, is fabricated from lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer in the world. Antioxidant potential is primarily related to the termination of oxidation propagation reactions through hydrogen transfer. The application of technical lignin as a natural antioxidant has not yet been implemented in the industrial sector, mainly due to the complex heterogeneous structure and polydispersity of lignin. Thus, current research focuses on various isolation and purification strategies to improve the compatibility of lignin material with substrates and enhancing its stabilizing effect.
The antiradical and antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-based films are both of great interest for applications such as food packaging additives. The polyphenolic structure of lignin in addition to the presence of O-containing functional groups is potentially responsible for these activities. This study used DPPH assays to discuss the antiradical activity of HPMC/lignin and HPMC/lignin/chitosan films. The scavenging activity (SA) of both binary (HPMC/lignin) and ternary (HPMC/lignin/chitosan) systems was affected by the percentage of the added lignin: the 5% addition showed the highest activity and the 30% addition had the lowest. Both scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are dependent on the biomass source showing the following trend: organosolv of softwood > kraft of softwood > organosolv of grass. Testing the antimicrobial activities of lignins and lignin-containing films showed high antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 35 °C and at low temperatures (0-7 °C). Purification of kraft lignin has a negative effect on the antimicrobial activity while storage has positive effect. The lignin release in the produced films affected the activity positively and the chitosan addition enhances the activity even more for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Testing the films against spoilage bacteria that grow at low temperatures revealed the activity of the 30% addition on HPMC/L1 film against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens while L5 was active only against B. thermosphacta. In HPMC/lignin/chitosan films, the 5% addition exhibited activity against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens.
Once aberrantly activated, the Wnt/βcatenin pathway may result in uncontrolled proliferation and eventually cancer. Efforts to counter and inhibit this pathway are mainly directed against βcatenin, as it serves a role on the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In addition, speciallygenerated lymphocytes are recruited for the purpose of treating liver cancer. Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes are expanded by the timely addition of interferon γ, interleukin (IL)1β, IL2 and anticluster of differentiation 3 antibody. The resulting cells are called cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells. The present study utilised these cells and combine them with drugs inhibiting the Wnt pathway in order to examine whether this resulted in an improvement in the killing ability of CIK cells against liver cancer cells. Drugs including ethacrynic acid (EA) and ciclopirox olamine (CPX) were determined to be suitable candidates, as determined by previous studies. Drugs were administered on their own and combined with CIK cells and then a cell viability assay was performed. These results suggest that EAtreated cells demonstrated apoptosis and were significantly affected compared with untreated cells. Unlike EA, CPX killed normal and cancerous cells even at low concentrations. Subsequent to combining EA with CIK cells, the potency of killing was increased and a greater number of cells died, which proves a synergistic action. In summary, EA may be used as an antihepatocellular carcinoma drug, while CPX possesses a high toxicity to cancerous as well as to normal cells. It was proposed that EA should be integrated into present therapeutic methods for cancer.
SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is unique among SLC proteins in its ability to transport 18 of the 20 proteinogenic (dipolar and cationic) amino acids and naturally occurring and synthetic analogues (including anti-viral prodrugs and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors). SLC6A14 mediates amino acid uptake in multiple cell types where increased expression is associated with pathophysiological conditions including some cancers. Here, we investigated how a key position within the core LeuT-fold structure of SLC6A14 influences substrate specificity. Homology modelling and sequence analysis identified the transmembrane domain 3 residue V128 as equivalent to a position known to influence substrate specificity in distantly related SLC36 and SLC38 amino acid transporters. SLC6A14, with and without V128 mutations, was heterologously expressed and function determined by radiotracer solute uptake and electrophysiological measurement of transporter-associated current. Substituting the amino acid residue occupying the SLC6A14 128 position modified the binding pocket environment and selectively disrupted transport of cationic (but not dipolar) amino acids and related NOS inhibitors. By understanding the molecular basis of amino acid transporter substrate specificity we can improve knowledge of how this multi-functional transporter can be targeted and how the LeuT-fold facilitates such diversity in function among the SLC6 family and other SLC amino acid transporters.
Among the celestial bodies in the Solar System, Mars currently represents the main target for the search for life beyond Earth. However, its surface is constantly exposed to high doses of cosmic rays (CRs) that may pose a threat to any biological system. For this reason, investigations into the limits of resistance of life to space relevant radiation is fundamental to speculate on the chance of finding extraterrestrial organisms on Mars. In the present work, as part of the STARLIFE project, the responses of dried colonies of the black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments (CCFEE) 515 to the exposure to accelerated iron (LET: 200 keV/μm) ions, which mimic part of CRs spectrum, were investigated. Samples were exposed to the iron ions up to 1000 Gy in the presence of Martian regolith analogues. Our results showed an extraordinary resistance of the fungus in terms of survival, recovery of metabolic activity and DNA integrity. These experiments give new insights into the survival probability of possible terrestrial-like life forms on the present or past Martian surface and shallow subsurface environments.
A biodegradable blend of PBAT—poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)—and PLA—poly(lactic acid)—for blown film extrusion was modified with four multi-functional chain extending cross-linkers (CECL). The anisotropic morphology introduced during film blowing affects the degradation processes. Given that two CECL increased the melt flow rate (MFR) of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (V1) and 1,3-phenylenebisoxazoline (V2) and the other two reduced it (aromatic polycarbodiimide (V3) and poly(4,4-dicyclohexylmethanecarbodiimide) (V4)), their compost (bio-)disintegration behavior was investigated. It was significantly altered with respect to the unmodified reference blend (REF). The disintegration behavior at 30 and 60 °C was investigated by determining changes in mass, Young’s moduli, tensile strengths, elongations at break and thermal properties. In order to quantify the disintegration behavior, the hole areas of blown films were evaluated after compost storage at 60 °C to calculate the kinetics of the time dependent degrees of disintegration. The kinetic model of disintegration provides two parameters: initiation time and disintegration time. They quantify the effects of the CECL on the disintegration behavior of the PBAT/PLA compound. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a pronounced annealing effect during storage in compost at 30 °C, as well as the occurrence of an additional step-like increase in the heat flow at 75 °C after storage at 60 °C. The disintegration consists of processes which affect amorphous and crystalline phase of PBAT in different manner that cannot be understood by a hydrolytic chain degradation only. Furthermore, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed molecular degradation only at 60 °C for the REF and V1 after 7 days of compost storage. The observed losses of mass and cross-sectional area seem to be attributed more to mechanical decay than to molecular degradation for the given compost storage times.
Process-induced changes in the morphology of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends modified with various multifunctional chainextending cross-linkers (CECLs) are presented. The morphology of unmodified and modified films produced with blown film extrusion is examined in an extrusion direction (ED) and a transverse direction (TD). While FTIR analysis showed only small peak shifts indicating that the CECLs modify the molecular weight of the PBAT/PLA blend, SEM investigations of the fracture surfaces of blown extrusion films revealed their significant effect on the morphology formed during the processing. Due to the combined shear and elongation deformation during blown film extrusion, rather spherical PLA islands were partly transformed into long fibrils, which tended to decay to chains of elliptical islands if cooled slowly. The CECL introduction into the blend changed the thickness of the PLA fibrils, modified the interface adhesion, and altered the deformation behavior of the PBAT matrix from brittle to ductile. The results proved that CECLs react selectively with PBAT, PLA, and their interface. Furthermore, the reactions of CECLs with PBAT/PLA induced by the processing depended on the deformation directions (ED and TD), thus resulting in further non-uniformities of blown extrusion films.
This study investigates the effects of four multifunctional chain-extending cross-linkers (CECL) on the processability, mechanical performance, and structure of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends produced using film blowing technology. The newly developed reference compound (M·VERA® B5029) and the CECL modified blends are characterized with respect to the initial properties and the corresponding properties after aging at 50 °C for 1 and 2 months. The tensile strength, seal strength, and melt volume rate (MVR) are markedly changed after thermal aging, whereas the storage modulus, elongation at the break, and tear resistance remain constant. The degradation of the polymer chains and crosslinking with increased and decreased MVR, respectively, is examined thoroughly with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), with the results indicating that the CECL-modified blends do not generally endure thermo-oxidation over time. Further, DSC measurements of 25 µm and 100 µm films reveal that film blowing pronouncedly changes the structures of the compounds. These findings are also confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis, with the conclusion that tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite barely affects the glass transition temperature, while with the other changes in CECL are seen. Cross-linking is found for aromatic polycarbodiimide and poly(4,4-dicyclohexylmethanecarbodiimide) CECL after melting of granules and films, although overall the most synergetic effect of the CECL is shown by 1,3-phenylenebisoxazoline.
This review is divided into two interconnected parts, namely a biological and a chemical one. The focus of the first part is on the biological background for constructing tissue-engineered vascular grafts to promote vascular healing. Various cell types, such as embryonic, mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells, progenitor cells and endothelial- and smooth muscle cells will be discussed with respect to their specific markers. The in vitro and in vivo models and their potential to treat vascular diseases are also introduced. The chemical part focuses on strategies using either artificial or natural polymers for scaffold fabrication, including decellularized cardiovascular tissue. An overview will be given on scaffold fabrication including conventional methods and nanotechnologies. Special attention is given to 3D network formation via different chemical and physical cross-linking methods. In particular, electron beam treatment is introduced as a method to combine 3D network formation and surface modification. The review includes recently published scientific data and patents which have been registered within the last decade.
(1) Background: Autologous bone is supposed to contain vital cells that might improve the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of this study was to investigate particulate and filtered bone chips collected during oral surgery intervention with respect to their osteogenic potential and the extent of microbial contamination to evaluate its usefulness for jawbone reconstruction prior to implant placement. (2) Methods: Cortical and cortical-cancellous bone chip samples of 84 patients were collected. The stem cell character of outgrowing cells was characterized by expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105, followed by osteogenic differentiation. The degree of bacterial contamination was determined by Gram staining, catalase and oxidase tests and tests to evaluate the genera of the found bacteria (3) Results: Pre-surgical antibiotic treatment of the patients significantly increased viability of the collected bone chip cells. No significant difference in plasticity was observed between cells isolated from the cortical and cortical-cancellous bone chip samples. Thus, both types of bone tissue can be used for jawbone reconstruction. The osteogenic differentiation was independent of the quantity and quality of the detected microorganisms, which comprise the most common bacteria in the oral cavity. (4) Discussion: This study shows that the quality of bone chip-derived stem cells is independent of the donor site and the extent of present common microorganisms, highlighting autologous bone tissue, assessable without additional surgical intervention for the patient, as a useful material for dental implantology.
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
Thermo-chemical conversion of cucumber peel waste for biobased energy and chemical production
(2022)
Defect evolution in thermal barrier coating systems under multi-axial thermomechanical loading
(2005)
Advanced thermal gradient mechanical fatigue testing of CMSX-4 with an oxidation protection coating
(2008)
Timely recognition of threats can be significantly supported by security assistance systems that work continuously in time and call the security personnel in case of anomalous events in the surveillance area. We describe the concept and the realization of an indoor security assistance system for real-time decision support. The system consists of a computer vision module and a person classification module. The computer vision module provides a video event analysis of the entrance region in front of the demonstrator. After entering the control corridor, the persons are tracked, classified, and potential threats are localized inside the demonstrator. Data for the person classification are provided by chemical sensors detecting hazardous materials. Due to their limited spatio-temporal resolution, a single chemical sensor cannot localize this material and associate it with a person. We compensate this deficiency by fusing the output of multiple, distributed chemical sensors with kinematical data from laser-range scanners. Considering both the computer vision formation and the results of the person classification affords the localization of threats and a timely reaction of the security personnel.
Bisher ist nicht bekannt, in welchem Ausmaß Fremd- oder Störgerüche dazu geeignet sind, die allgemeine Leistungsfähigkeit eines Sprengstoffspürhundes einzuschränken oder sogar die Detektion eines Sprengkörpers zu verhindern. Ziel ist es zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich durch den gezielten Einsatz von Störsubstanzen die Sprengstoffdetektionsfähigkeit von Spürhunden beeinflussen lässt. Mit Detektionsfähigkeit ist hier sowohl die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer richtigen Detektion von Sprengstoffen in Gegenwart von starken Fremdgerüchen, als auch die ebenfalls zu erwartende Verringerung der Einsatzdauer (vorzeitige Erschöpfung) gemeint.
We present herein a new class of resin formulations for stereolithography, named FlexSL, with a broad bandwidth of tunable mechanical properties. The novel polyether(meth)acrylate based material class has outstanding material characteristics in combination with the advantages of being a biocompatible (meth)acrylate based processing material. FlexSL shows very promising results in several initial biocompatibility tests. This emphasizes its non-toxic behavior in a biomedical environment, caused mainly by the (meth)acrylate based core components. A short overview of mechanical and processing properties will be given in the end. The herein presented novel FlexSL materials show a significant lower cytotoxicity in contrast to commercial applied acrylic stereolithography resins. Further biocompatibility tests according to ISO 10993 protocols are planned. On the one hand, there are technical applications for this material (e.g. flaps, tubes, hoses, cables, sealing parts, connectors and other technical rubber-like applications), and on the other hand, broad fields of potential biomedical applications in which the FlexSL materials can be beneficial are obvious. Especially these could be small series production of medical products with special flexible material requirements. In addition, the usage for individual soft hearing aid shells, intra-operative planning services and tools like intra-op cutting templates and sawing guides is very attractive. The possibility to modify the FlexSL resins also for high-resolution applications makes it possible to manufacture now very flexible micro-prototypes with outstanding material characteristics and very fine structures with a minimum resolution of 20 mym and a layer thickness of minimal 5 myrn. These resin formulations are applicable and adjustable to other stereolithographic equipment available on the market.
Purpose – To describe the development of a novel polyether(meth)acrylate-based resin material class for stereolithography with alterable material characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach – A complete overview of details to composition parameters, the optimization and bandwidth of mechanical and processing parameters is given. Initial biological characterization experiments and future application felds are depicted. Process parameters are studied in a commercial 3D systems Viper stereolithography system, and a new method to determine these parameters is described herein.
Findings – Initial biological characterizations show the non-toxic behavior in a biological environment, caused mainly by the (meth)acrylate-based core components. These photolithographic resins combine an adjustable low Young’s modulus with the advantages of a non-toxic (meth)acrylate-based process material. In contrast to the mostly rigid process materials used today in the rapid prototyping industry, these polymeric formulations are able to fulfll the extended need for a soft engineering material. A short overview of sample applications is given.
Practical implications – These polymeric formulations are able to meet the growing demand for a resin class for rapid manufacturing that covers a bandwidth from softer to stiffer materials.
Originality/value – This paper gives an overview about the novel developed material class for stereolithography and should be therefore of high interest to people with interest in novel rapid manufacturing materials and technology.
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone metastasis. Peptidomimetics with a cyanohydrazide warhead represent a new class of highly potent CatK inhibitors; however, their binding mechanism is unknown. We investigated two model cyanohydrazide inhibitors with differently positioned warheads: an azadipeptide nitrile Gü1303 and a 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid Gü2602. Crystal structures of their covalent complexes were determined with mature CatK as well as a zymogen-like activation intermediate of CatK. Binding mode analysis, together with quantum chemical calculations, revealed that the extraordinary picomolar potency of Gü2602 is entropically favoured by its conformational flexibility at the nonprimed-primed subsites boundary. Furthermore, we demonstrated by live cell imaging that cyanohydrazides effectively target mature CatK in osteosarcoma cells. Cyanohydrazides also suppressed the maturation of CatK by inhibiting the autoactivation of the CatK zymogen. Our results provide structural insights for the rational design of cyanohydrazide inhibitors of CatK as potential drugs.
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone metastasis. Peptidomimetics with a cyanohydrazide warhead represent a new class of highly potent CatK inhibitors; however, their binding mechanism is unknown. We investigated two model cyanohydrazide inhibitors with differently positioned warheads: an azadipeptide nitrile Gü1303 and a 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid Gü2602. Crystal structures of their covalent complexes were determined with mature CatK as well as a zymogen-like activation intermediate of CatK. Binding mode analysis, together with quantum chemical calculations, revealed that the extraordinary picomolar potency of Gü2602 is entropically favoured by its conformational flexibility at the nonprimed-primed subsites boundary. Furthermore, we demonstrated by live cell imaging that cyanohydrazides effectively target mature CatK in osteosarcoma cells. Cyanohydrazides also suppressed the maturation of CatK by inhibiting the autoactivation of the CatK zymogen. Our results provide structural insights for the rational design of cyanohydrazide inhibitors of CatK as potential drugs.
When optimizing the process parameters of the acidic ethanolic organosolv process, the aim is usually to maximize the delignification and/or lignin purity. However, process parameters such as temperature, time, ethanol and catalyst concentration, respectively, can also be used to vary the structural properties of the obtained organosolv lignin, including the molecular weight and the ratio of aliphatic versus phenolic hydroxyl groups, among others. This review particularly focuses on these influencing factors and establishes a trend analysis between the variation of the process parameters and the effect on lignin structure. Especially when larger data sets are available, as for process temperature and time, correlations between the distribution of depolymerization and condensation reactions are found, which allow direct conclusions on the proportion of lignin's structural features, independent of the diversity of the biomass used. The newfound insights gained from this review can be used to tailor organosolv lignins isolated for a specific application.
Miscanthus bietet als nachwachsende Industrie- und Energiepflanze zahlreiche Vorteile, die neben den direkten landwirtschaftlichen Anwendungen wie Verbrennung und Tiereinstreu auch eine stoffliche Nutzung im chemischen Bereich zulassen. Als C4-Pflanze mit gesteigerter Photosynthese-Aktivität weist Miscanthus zudem eine hohe CO2-Fixierrate auf. Aufgrund des geringen Kultivierungsaufwandes sowie der hohen Erträge bietet sich Miscanthus als ausgesprochen attraktiver Rohstoff für die Produktion erneuerbarer Kraftstoffe und Chemikalien an, welche mittels thermo-chemischer Umwandlung gewonnen werden.
Miscanthus crops possess very attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Because of these properties, it is currently considered for use in second-generation biorefineries. Here we analyze the differences in chemical composition between M. x giganteus, a commonly studied Miscanthus genotype, and M. nagara, which is relatively understudied but has useful properties such as increased frost resistance and higher stem stability. Samples of M. x giganteus (Gig35) and M. nagara (NagG10) have been separated by plant portion (leaves and stems) in order to isolate the corresponding lignins. The organosolv process was used for biomass pulping (80% ethanol solution, 170 °C, 15 bar). Biomass composition and lignin structure analysis were performed using composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the 3D structure of the isolated lignins, monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages depending on genotype and harvesting season. SEC data showed significant differences in the molecular weight and polydispersity indices for stem versus leaf-derived lignins. Py-GC/MS and hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR revealed different monolignol compositions for the two genotypes (Gig35, NagG10). The monolignol ratio is slightly influenced by the time of harvest: stem-derived lignins of M. nagara showed increasing H and decreasing G unit content over the studied harvesting period (December–April).
As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60% and almost 65%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.
Miscanthus x giganteus Stem Versus Leaf-Derived Lignins Differing in Monolignol Ratio and Linkage
(2019)
As a renewable, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages such as high photosynthesis activity (as a C4 plant) and an exceptional CO2 fixation rate. These properties make Miscanthus very attractive for industrial exploitation, such as lignin generation. In this paper, we present a systematic study analyzing the correlation of the lignin structure with the Miscanthus genotype and plant portion (stem versus leaf). Specifically, the ratio of the three monolignols and corresponding building blocks as well as the linkages formed between the units have been studied. The lignin amount has been determined for M. x giganteus (Gig17, Gig34, Gig35), M. nagara (NagG10), M. sinensis (Sin2), and M. robustus (Rob4) harvested at different time points (September, December, and April). The influence of the Miscanthus genotype and plant component (leaf vs. stem) has been studied to develop corresponding structure-property relationships (i.e., correlations in molecular weight, polydispersity, and decomposition temperature). Lignin isolation was performed using non-catalyzed organosolv pulping and the structure analysis includes compositional analysis, Fourier transform infradred (FTIR), ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis), hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonsnce (HSQC-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and pyrolysis gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Structural differences were found for stem and leaf-derived lignins. Compared to beech wood lignins, Miscanthus lignins possess lower molecular weight and narrow polydispersities (<1.5 Miscanthus vs. >2.5 beech) corresponding to improved homogeneity. In addition to conventional univariate analysis of FTIR spectra, multivariate chemometrics revealed distinct differences for aromatic in-plane deformations of stem versus leaf-derived lignins. These results emphasize the potential of Miscanthus as a low-input resource and a Miscanthus-derived lignin as promising agricultural feedstock.
Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectroscopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods.
UV-VIS data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively.
All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products.
Pollution with anthropogenic waste, particularly persistent plastic, has now reached every remote corner of the world. The French Atlantic coast, given its extensive coastline, is particularly affected. To gain an overview of current plastic pollution, this study examined a stretch of 250 km along the Silver Coast of France. Sampling was conducted at a total of 14 beach sections, each with five sampling sites in a transect. At each collection site, a square of 0.25 m2 was marked. The top 5 cm of beach sediment was collected and sieved on-site using an analysis sieve (mesh size 1 mm), resulting in a total of approximately 0.8 m3 of sediment, corresponding to a total weight of 1300 kg of examined beach sediment. A total of 1972 plastic particles were extracted and analysed using infrared spectroscopy, corresponding to 1.5 particles kg−1 of beach sediment. Pellets (885 particles), polyethylene as the polymer type (1349 particles), and particles in the size range of microplastics (943 particles) were most frequently found. The significant pollution by pellets suggests that the spread of plastic waste is not primarily attributable to tourism (in February/March 2023). The substantial accumulation of meso- and macro-waste (with 863 and 166 particles) also indicates that research focusing on microplastics should be expanded to include these size categories, as microplastics can develop from them over time.
Here, we present a miR mechanism which is active in the nucleus and is essential for the production of intron included, C-terminal truncated and biologically active proteins, like e.g. Vim3. We exemplified this mechanism by miRs, miR-15a and miR-498, which are overexpressed in clear cell renal carcinoma or oncocytoma. Both miRs directly interact with DNA in an intronic region, leading to transcriptional stop, and therefore repress the full length version of the pre-mRNA, resulting in intron included truncated proteins (Mxi-2 and Vim3). A computational survey shows that this miR:DNA interactions mechanism may be generally involved in regulating the human transcriptome, with putative interaction sites in intronic regions for over 1000 genes. In this work, an entirely new mechanism is revealed how miRs can repress full length protein translation, resulting in C-terminal truncated proteins.
Increased endothelin-1 decreases PKC alpha (PKCα), resulting in high miRNA 15a levels in kidney tumors. Breast cancer cells treated with ET-1, β-estrogen, Tamoxifen, Tamoxifen + β-estrogen and Tamoxifen + ET-1 were analysed regarding miRNA 15a expression. Significantly increased miRNA 15a levels were found after ET-1, becoming further increased in Tamoxifen + ET-1 treated cells. Our group already showed that miRNA 15a induces MAPK p38 splicing resulting in a truncated product called Mxi-2, whose function has yet to be defined in tumors. We described for the first time in ET-1 induced tumor cells that Mxi-2 builds a complex with Ago2, a miRNA binding protein, which is important for the localization of miRNAs to the 3′UTR of target genes. Furthermore, we show that Mxi-2/Ago2 is important for the interaction with the miRNA 1285 which binds to the 3′end of the tumor suppressor gene p53, being responsible for the downregulation of p53. Tissue arrays from breast cancer patients were performed, analysing Mxi-2, p53 and PKCα. Since the Mxi-2 levels increase in Tamoxifen + ET-1 treated cells, we claim that increasing ET-1 levels in Tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients are responsible for decreasing p53 levels. In summary, ET-1 decreases nuclear PKCα levels, while increasing the amount of miRNA 15a. This causes high levels of Mxi-2, necessary for complex formation with Ago2. The newly identified Mxi-2/Ago2 complex interacting with miRNA 1285 leads to increased 3′UTR p53 interaction, resulting in decreased p53 levels and subsequent tumor progression. This newly identified mechanism is a possible explanation for the development of ET-1 induced tumors.
This work presents an open source database with suitable retention parameters for prediction and simulation of GC separations and gives a short introduction to three common retention models. Useful computer simulations play an important role to save resources and time in method development in GC. Thermodynamic retention parameters for the ABC model and the K-centric model are determined by isothermal measurements. This standardized procedure of measurements and calculations, presented in this work, have a useful benefit for all chromatographers, analytical chemists, and method developers because it can be used in their own laboratories to simplify the method development. The main benefits as simulations of temperature-programed GC separations are demonstrated and compared to measurements. The observed deviations of predicted retention times are in most cases less than 1%. The database includes more than 900 entries with a large range of compounds such as VOCs, PAHs, FAMEs, PCBs, or allergenic fragrances over 20 different GC columns.
Coumarin as a structural component of substrates and probes for serine and cysteine proteases
(2020)
Hydrophilic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates were prepared by a combination of TiO2-coatings of aluminium plates through a direct titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) coating and drop coated by synthesised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Differences between the wettability of the untreated substrates, the slowly dried Ti(OH)4 substrates and calcinated as well as plasma treated TiO2 substrates were analysed by water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The hydrophilic behaviour of the developed substrates helped to improve the distribution of the AuNPs, which reflects in overall higher lateral SERS enhancement. Surface enhancement of the substrates was tested with target molecule rhodamine 6G (R6G) and a fibre-coupled 638 nm Raman spectrometer. Additionally, the morphology of the substrates was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman microscopy. The studies showed a reduced influence of the coffee ring effect on the particle distribution, resulting in a more broadly distributed edge region, which increased the spatial reproducibility of the measured SERS signal in the surface-enhanced Raman mapping measurements on mm scale.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with subsequent chemometric evaluation was performed for the rapid and non-destructive differentiation of seven important meat-associated microorganisms, namely Brochothrix thermosphacta DSM 20171, Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 4358, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sv. Enteritidis DSM 14221, Listeria monocytogenes DSM 19094, Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030, Escherichia coli HB101 and Bacillus thuringiensis sv. israelensis DSM 5724. A simple method for collecting spectra from commercial paper-based SERS substrates without any laborious pre-treatments was used. In order to prepare the spectroscopic data for classification at genera level with a subsequent chemometric evaluation consisting of principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, a pre-processing method with spike correction and sum normalisation was performed. Because of the spike correction rather than exclusion, and therefore the use of a balanced data set, the multivariate analysis of the data is significantly resilient and meaningful. The analysis showed that the differentiation of meat-associated microorganisms and thereby the detection of important meat-related pathogenic bacteria was successful on genera level and a cross-validation as well as a classification of ungrouped data showed promising results, with 99.5 % and 97.5 %, respectively.
The present thesis elucidates the development of (i) a series of small molecule inhibitors reacting in a covalent-irreversible manner with the targeted proteases and (ii) a fluorescently labeled activity-based probe as a pharmacological tool compound for investigation of specific functions of the mentioned enzymes in vitro. Herein, the rational design, organic synthesis and quantitative structure-activity-relationships are described extensively.
P30 - Das Elektrospinnen von halbleitenden Zinndioxidfasern für die Detektion von Wasserstoff
(2022)
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung von dünnen keramischen Fasern als halbleitendes Sensormaterial zum Nachweis von Wasserstoff, möglichst bei Zimmertemperatur. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit halbleitender Metalloxide ändert sich durch die Einwirkung von oxidierenden und reduzierenden Gasen auf die Oberfläche des Metalloxids. Dieser Effekt kann zur Messung der Gaskonzentration genutzt werden. Die Reaktion von Zinn(IV)-oxid mit Wasserstoff basiert auf der Reduktion des Zinn(IV)-oxids zum Zinn, wobei die Elektronen des Zinn(IV)-oxids im metallischen Zinn verbleiben und dort im nicht gebundenen Zustand zu einer Leitfähigkeitserhöhung beitragen. Die Reaktion des Wasserstoffes kann sowohl mit den Sauerstoffatomen des Oxids als auch mit adsorbierten Sauerstoffatomen an der Oxidoberfläche stattfinden.[ 6] Da die Reaktionen an der Oberfläche des Oxids stattfinden, sollten Sensoren mit einer großen Oberfläche im Vergleich zu metalloxidischen Bulkmaterialien eine höhere Empfindlichkeit aufweisen. [3] Die Verwendung von Fasern anstelle von Dünn- oder Dickschichten führt dabei zu einer besseren Sensitivität gegenüber Gasen.
The molecular weight properties of lignins are one of the key elements that need to be analyzed for a successful industrial application of these promising biopolymers. In this study, the use of 1H NMR as well as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY NMR), combined with multivariate regression methods, was investigated for the determination of the molecular weight (Mw and Mn) and the polydispersity of organosolv lignins (n = 53, Miscanthus x giganteus, Paulownia tomentosa, and Silphium perfoliatum). The suitability of the models was demonstrated by cross validation (CV) as well as by an independent validation set of samples from different biomass origins (beech wood and wheat straw). CV errors of ca. 7–9 and 14–16% were achieved for all parameters with the models from the 1H NMR spectra and the DOSY NMR data, respectively. The prediction errors for the validation samples were in a similar range for the partial least squares model from the 1H NMR data and for a multiple linear regression using the DOSY NMR data. The results indicate the usefulness of NMR measurements combined with multivariate regression methods as a potential alternative to more time-consuming methods such as gel permeation chromatography.
Synthesis of Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery
(2019)
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were easily and efficiently functionalised with highly cross-linked polyamines. The radical polymerisation of two bis-vinylimidazolium salts in the presence of pristine MWCNTs and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator led to the formation of materials with a high functionalisation degree. The subsequent treatment with sodium borohydride gave rise to the reduction of imidazolium moieties with the concomitant formation of secondary and tertiary amino groups. The obtained materials were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, solid state 13C-NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), potentiometric titration, and temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD). One of the prepared materials was tested as a heterogeneous base catalyst in C–C bond forming reactions such as the Knoevenagel condensation and Henry reaction. Furthermore, two examples concerning a sequential one-pot approach involving two consecutive reactions, namely Knoevenagel and Michael reactions, were reported.
Amaç: Keton cisim oluşumu (ketogenez) bozuklukları; mitokondriyel 3-hidroksi-3metil glutaril CoA sentaz (Mhs) ve 3-hidroksi-3-metil glutaril CoA liyaz (HL) enzim eksiklikleri sonucu oluşur. Keton cisim yıkımı (ketoliz) bozuklukları ise suksinil CoA: 3 oksoasit CoA transferaz (SCOT) ve asetoasetil CoA thiolaz-beta ketotiolaz (MAT) enzim eksiklikleri sonucu oluşmaktadır. Keton metabolizma bozukluğu tanısıyla izlenen hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Keton metabolizması bozukluğu tanısıyla izlenen hasta verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Dört hastada HL eksikliği, 3 hastada MAT eksikliği ve 2 hastada SCOT eksikliği tanısı mevcuttu. Hastaların ortanca yaşı 5 yıl (6 ay-15,5 yıl), ilk metabolik dekompanzasyon atak yaşı ortalama 7,7 ay (22 gün-19 ay) idi. MAT eksikliği olan bir hasta, kardeş taraması ile asemptomatik dönemde tanı aldı. İki hastada spastik tetraparezi gibi ağır nörolojik defisit gelişti. Dekompanzasyon ataklarının beslenememe, kusma ve gastroenterit gibi infeksiyon sonrası geliştiği görüldü.
Sonuç: Açıklanamayan metabolik asidoz atakları durumunda keton metabolizma bozuklukları akılda tutulmalıdır. Akut dekompanzasyon değişik yaşlarda ortaya çıkabilir, klinik şiddeti değişken olabilir. Erken tanı ve uygun tedavi mortalite ve morbidite açısından çok önemlidir.
Process-induced changes in thermo-mechanical viscoelastic properties and the corresponding morphology of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blown film blends modified with four multifunctional chain-extending cross-linkers (CECL) were investigated. The introduction of CECL modified the properties of the reference PBAT/PLA blend significantly. The thermal analysis showed that the chemical reactions were incomplete after compounding, and that film blowing extended them. SEM investigations of the fracture surfaces of blown extrusion films reveal the significant effect of CECL on the morphology formed during the processing. The anisotropic morphology introduced during film blowing proved to affect the degradation processes as well. Furthermore, the reactions of CECL with PBAT/PLA induced by the processing depend on the deformation directions. The blow-up ratio parameter was altered to investigate further process-induced changes proving synergy with mechanical and morphological features. Using blown film extrusion, the elongational behavior represents a very important characteristic. However, its evaluation may be quite often problematic, but with the SER Universal Testing Platform it was possible to determine changes in the duration of time intervals corresponding to the rupture of elongated samples.
A firm link between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and tumors has been wildly reported. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1α), an ER-resident thiol oxidoreductase, is confirmed to be highly upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a significantly worse prognosis. Of importance, under ER stress, the functional interplay of ERO1α/PDI axis plays a pivotal role to orchestrate proper protein folding and other key processes. Multiple lines of evidence propose ERO1α as an attractive potential target for cancer treatment. However, the unavailability of specific inhibitor for ERO1α, its molecular inter-relatedness with closely related paralog ERO1β and the tightly regulated processes with other members of flavoenzyme family of enzymes, raises several concerns about its clinical translation. Herein, we have provided a detailed description of ERO1α in human cancers and its vulnerability towards the aforementioned concerns. Besides, we have discussed a few key considerations that may improve our understanding about ERO1α in tumors.
The white ground crater by the Phiale Painter (450–440 BC) exhibited in the “Pietro Griffo” Archaeological Museum in Agrigento (Italy) depicts two scenes from Perseus myth. The vase is of utmost importance to archaeologists because the figures are drawn on a white background with remarkable daintiness and attention to detail. Notwithstanding the white ground ceramics being well documented from an archaeological and historical point of view, doubts concerning the compositions of pigments and binders and the production technique are still unsolved. This kind of vase is a valuable rarity, the use of which is documented in elitist funeral rituals. The study aims to investigate the constituent materials and the execution technique of this magnificent crater. The investigation was carried out using non-destructive and non-invasive techniques in situ. Portable X-ray fluorescence and Fourier-transform total reflection infrared spectroscopy complemented the use of visible and ultraviolet light photography to get an overview and specific information on the vase. The XRF data were used to produce false colour maps showing the location of the various elements detected, using the program SmART_scan. The use of gypsum as the material for the white ground is an important result that deserves to be further investigated in similar vases.
In the context of the Franco-German research project Re(h)strain, this work focuses on a global system analysis integrating both safety and security analysis of international and/or urban railway stations. The Re(h)strain project focuses on terrorist attacks on high speed train systems and investigates prevention and mitigation measures to reduce the overall vulnerability and strengthen the system resilience. One main criterion regarding public transport issues is the number of passengers. For example, the railway station of Paris “Gare du Nord” deals with a bigger number of passengers than the biggest airport in the world (SNCF open Data 2014), the Atlanta airport, but in terms of passengers, it is only around the 23rd rank railway station in the world. Due to the enormous mass of people, this leads to the system approach of breaking out the station into several classes of zones, e.g. entrance, main hall, quays, trains, etc. All classes are analysed considering state-of-the-art parameters, like targets attractiveness, feasibility of attack, possible damage, possible mitigation and defences. Then, safety incidence of security defence is discussed in order to refine security requirement with regard to the considered zone. Finally, global requirements of security defence correlated to the corresponding class of zones are proposed.
PURPOSE
Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by a persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. The cervico-vaginal microbiome may influence the development of (pre)cancer lesions. Aim of the study was (i) to evaluate the new CC screening program in Germany for the detection of high-grade CC precursor lesions, and (ii) to elucidate the role of the cervico-vaginal microbiome and its potential impact on cervical dysplasia.
METHODS
The microbiome of 310 patients referred to colposcopy was determined by amplicon sequencing and correlated with clinicopathological parameters.
RESULTS
Most patients were referred for colposcopy due to a positive hrHPV result in two consecutive years combined with a normal PAP smear. In 2.1% of these cases, a CIN III lesion was detected. There was a significant positive association between the PAP stage and Lactobacillus vaginalis colonization and between the severity of CC precursor lesions and Ureaplasma parvum.
CONCLUSION
In our cohort, the new cervical cancer screening program resulted in a low rate of additional CIN III detected. It is questionable whether these cases were only identified earlier with additional HPV testing before the appearance of cytological abnormalities, or the new screening program will truly increase the detection rate of CIN III in the long run. Colonization with U. parvum was associated with histological dysplastic lesions. Whether targeted therapy of this pathogen or optimization of the microbiome prevents dysplasia remains speculative.
It has become increasingly clear that caspases, far from being merely cell death effectors, have a much wider range of functions within the cell. These functions are as diverse as signal transduction and cytoskeletal remodeling, and caspases are now known to have an essential role in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence that apoptotic cells themselves can direct the behavior of nearby cells through the caspase-dependent secretion of paracrine signaling factors. In some processes, including the differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts, both caspase activation in differentiating cells as well as signaling from apoptotic cells has been reported. Here, we review the non-apoptotic outcomes of caspase activity in a range of different model systems and attempt to integrate this knowledge.
The Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common forms of inherited intellectual disability in all human societies. Caused by the transcriptional silencing of a single gene, the fragile x mental retardation gene FMR1, FXS is characterized by a variety of symptoms, which range from mental disabilities to autism and epilepsy. More than 20 years ago, a first animal model was described, the Fmr1 knock-out mouse. Several other models have been developed since then, including conditional knock-out mice, knock-out rats, a zebrafish and a drosophila model. Using these model systems, various targets for potential pharmaceutical treatments have been identified and many treatments have been shown to be efficient in preclinical studies. However, all attempts to turn these findings into a therapy for patients have failed thus far. In this review, I will discuss underlying difficulties and address potential alternatives for our future research.
Intact Transition Epitope Mapping - Targeted High-Energy Rupture of Extracted Epitopes (ITEM-THREE)
(2019)
Epitope mapping, which is the identification of antigenic determinants, is essential for the design of novel antibody-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools. ITEM-THREE is a mass spectrometry-based epitope mapping method that can identify epitopes on antigens upon generating an immune complex in electrospray-compatible solutions by adding an antibody of interest to a mixture of peptides from which at least one holds the antibody's epitope. This mixture is nano-electrosprayed without purification. Identification of the epitope peptide is performed within a mass spectrometer that provides an ion mobility cell sandwiched in-between two collision cells and where this ion manipulation setup is flanked by a quadrupole mass analyzer on one side and a time-of-flight mass analyzer on the other side. In a stepwise fashion, immune-complex ions are separated from unbound peptide ions and dissociated to release epitope peptide ions. Immune complex-released peptide ions are separated from antibody ions and fragmented by collision induced dissociation. Epitope-containing peptide fragment ions are recorded, and mass lists are submitted to unsupervised data base search thereby retrieving both, the amino acid sequence of the epitope peptide and the originating antigen. ITEM-THREE was developed with antiTRIM21 and antiRA33 antibodies for which the epitopes were known, subjecting them to mixtures of synthetic peptides of which one contained the respective epitope. ITEM-THREE was then successfully tested with an enzymatic digest of His-tagged recombinant human β-actin and an antiHis-tag antibody, as well as with an enzymatic digest of recombinant human TNFα and an antiTNFα antibody whose epitope was previously unknown.
JNK1, but Not JNK2, Is Required in Two Mechanistically Distinct Models of Inflammatory Arthritis
(2011)
Today, more than 70 million tons of lignin are produced by the pulp and paper industry every year. However, the utilization of lignin as a source for chemical synthesis is still limited due to the complex and heterogeneous lignin structure. The purpose of this study was a selective photodegradation of industrially available kraft lignin in order to obtain appropriate fragments and building block chemicals for further utilization, e.g. polymerization. Thus, kraft lignin obtained from soft wood black liquor by acidification was dissolved in sodium hydroxide and irradiated at a wavelength of 254 nm with and without the presence of titanium dioxide in various concentrations. Analyses of the irradiated products via SEC showed decreasing molar masses and decreasing polydispersity indices over time. At the end of the irradiation period the lignin was depolymerised to form fragments as small as the lignin monomers. TOC analyses showed minimal mineralisation due to the depolymerisation process.