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A Bicycle Simulator Based on a Motion Platform in a Virtual Reality Environment - FIVIS Project
(2007)
A Method of Lines Flux-Difference Splitting Finite Volume Approach for 1D and 2D River Flow Problems
(2001)
In the last 5 years a close co-operation between the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences and the Philips Research Laboratories in Aachen has been established. In this article I want to report on the co-operation of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Technical Journalism with Philips. Besides a number of diploma theses on the field of water treatment with new discharge lamps, power electronics and modelling of electromagnetic field configurations, there is running also an activity on a new generation of highly efficient light sources based on molecular discharges.
Timely recognition of threats can be significantly supported by security assistance systems that work continuously in time and call the security personnel in case of anomalous events in the surveillance area. We describe the concept and the realization of an indoor security assistance system for real-time decision support. The system consists of a computer vision module and a person classification module. The computer vision module provides a video event analysis of the entrance region in front of the demonstrator. After entering the control corridor, the persons are tracked, classified, and potential threats are localized inside the demonstrator. Data for the person classification are provided by chemical sensors detecting hazardous materials. Due to their limited spatio-temporal resolution, a single chemical sensor cannot localize this material and associate it with a person. We compensate this deficiency by fusing the output of multiple, distributed chemical sensors with kinematical data from laser-range scanners. Considering both the computer vision formation and the results of the person classification affords the localization of threats and a timely reaction of the security personnel.
Users should always play a central role in the development of (software) solutions. The human-centered design (HCD) process in the ISO 9241-210 standard proposes a procedure for systematically involving users. However, due to its abstraction level, the HCD process provides little guidance for how it should be implemented in practice. In this chapter, we propose three concrete practical methods that enable the reader to develop usable security and privacy (USP) solutions using the HCD process. This chapter equips the reader with the procedural knowledge and recommendations to: (1) derive mental models with regard to security and privacy, (2) analyze USP needs and privacy-related requirements, and (3) collect user characteristics on privacy and structure them by user group profiles and into privacy personas. Together, these approaches help to design measures for a user-friendly implementation of security and privacy measures based on a firm understanding of the key stakeholders.
Actors
(2021)
Social protection is for many international organizations a state’s affair.1 While the state definitely plays an important role, the state is by far not the only actor and there is no predefined institutional arrangement of how social protection should be implemented. An exclusive focus on the state would therefore be short-sighted when assessing and comparing the performance of social protection systems. It is hence important to understand the mix of actors involved, the type of contribution they can make to social protection and their modes of cooperation. This contribution will therefore first sketch out the role and interplay of the main actors in social protection and then challenge some of the common assumptions made around how roles are best allocated in the social protection system concerning the providers of informal social protection, the private sector, civil society organizations (CSO) as well as international actors.
Embryonic stem cells (ES) have the potential of long-term viability, selfrenewal and pluripotency which makes them interesting candidates for tissue engineering and gene therapy applications. On the other hand ethical and political issues arise while using theses cells and severe problems such as their tumorgenicity have not been solved yet. In the last couple of month a new source of cells with stem cell character was developed, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). These cells are derived from differentiated adult cells via transduction of three transcription factors and show features similar to embryonic stem cells. Unfortunately, this includes the tumorgenicity which is even higher in those cells since the transcription factor transduction needed until now, is performed with retrovial vectors, which have a tumor potential on their own. Thus, adult stem cells are investigated extensively as alternative source of self-renewing cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), which have in addition the advantage of potential autologous transplantation, can be found in various differentiated tissues since they are needed for maintenance and repair. They can be differentiated in chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and myogenic lineages which makes them an excellent tool for future tissue replacement strategies.
Co-design is concerned with the joint design of hardware and software making up an embedded computer system [Wol94]. A top down design flow for an embedded system begins with a system specification. If it is executable, it may be used for simulation, system verification or to identify algorithmical bottlenecks. In contrast to other chapters of this book, the specification is not developed in this case study, rather it is given from the beginning. Furthermore we are not concerned with partitioning or synthesis of dedicated HW. Instead we focus on the problem how to find an off-the-shelf micro-controller which implements the desired functionality and meets all specification constraints. If feasible, this is usually much cheaper then using dedicated hardware. This chapter will answer the question of feasibility for a real life problem from automobile industry.
Analysis of Synthetic Polymers and Copolymers by Pyrolysis- Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(2005)
Structural analysis and the study of degradation properties are important in order to understand and improve performance characteristics of synthetic polymers and copolymers in many industrial applications. Polymers/copolymers are inherently difficult to analyze because of their high molecular weight and lack of volatility. Traditionally, various analytical techniques are used to characterize polymers/copolymers including physical testing (rheological testing), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)/gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Often, time consuming sample preparation, including hydrolysis, dissolution, or derivatization is needed before analysis.
A soluble form of the complement receptor CD21 (sCD21) is shed from the lymphocyte surface. The sCD21 is able to bind all known ligands such as CD23, sCD23, Epstein-Barr virus and C3d in immune complexes. Here, we show the serum levels of sCD21 in sera the of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies cause heart attack, stroke and miscarriage. Antiphospholipid syndrome may appear as primary or in association with systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Here, we ask whether APS patients have different sCD21 titers compared to healthy persons and whether sCD21 levels correlate with the presence of anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. We show that autoimmune APS patients have significantly reduced amounts of sCD21 in their sera, irrespective of the presence of anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. In our APS patients cohort additional SLE, vasculities, DVT (deep vein thrombosis), fetal loss or thrombosis did not correlate to the reduced level of sCD21.
This book chapter describes application examples of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and pyrolysis – gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in failure analysis for the identification of chemical materials like mineral oils and nitrile rubber gaskets. Furthermore, failure cases demanding identification of polymers/copolymers in fouling on the compressor wall of a car air conditioner and identification of fouling on the surface of a bearing race from the automotive industry are demonstrated. The obtained analytical results were then used for troubleshooting and remedial action of the technological process.
The main objective of this chapter is to give insights into how H-BRS as a German University of Applied Sciences supports small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in exploring African markets. The university achieves this objective by engaging its Bachelor and Master level students in applied market research. Students engage in this research as part of their final thesis writing. This chapter lays out a process for successful marketing research projects for German SMEs in nine steps.
The most prominent education reform in Europe started in Bologna, Italy, in 1999, when the European Ministers responsible for higher education met to set the foundation for the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The following process to reform and unify higher education and its systems in Europe is therefore known as the Bologna Process.
In Artificial Intelligence, numerous learning paradigms have been developed over the past decades. In most cases of embodied and situated agents, the learning goal for the artificial agent is to „map“ or classify the environment and the objects therein [1, 2], in order to improve navigation or the execution of some other domain-specific task. Dynamic environments and changing tasks still pose a major challenge for robotic learning in real-world domains. In order to intelligently adapt its task strategies, the agent needs cognitive abilities to more deeply understand its environment and the effects of its actions. In order to approach this challenge within an open-ended learning loop, the XPERO project (http://www.xpero.org) explores the paradigm of Learning by Experimentation to increase the robot's conceptual world knowledge autonomously. In this setting, tasks which are selected by an actionselection mechanism are interrupted by a learning loop in those cases where the robot identifies learning as necessary for solving a task or for explaining observations. It is important to note that our approach targets unsupervised learning, since there is no oracle available to the agent, nor does it have access to a reward function providing direct feedback on the quality of its learned model, as e.g. in reinforcement learning approaches. In the following sections we present our framework for integrating autonomous robotic experimentation into such a learning loop. In section 1 we explain the different modules for stimulation and design of experiments and their interaction. In section 2 we describe our implementation of these modules and how we applied them to a real world scenario to gather target-oriented data for learning conceptual knowledge. There we also indicate how the goaloriented data generation enables machine learning algorithms to revise the failed prediction model.
In the past decade computer models have become very popular in the field of biomechanics due to exponentially increasing computer power. Biomechanical computer models can roughly be subdivided into two groups: multi-body models and numerical models. The theoretical aspects of both modelling strategies will be introduced. However, the focus of this chapter lies on demonstrating the power and versatility of computer models in the field of biomechanics by presenting sophisticated finite element models of human body parts. Special attention is paid to explain the setup of individual models using medical scan data. In order to reach the goal of individualising the model a chain of tools including medical imaging, image acquisition and processing, mesh generation, material modelling and finite element simulation –possibly on parallel computer architectures- becomes necessary. The basic concepts of these tools are described and application results are presented. The chapter ends with a short outlook into the future of computer biomechanics.
Internships and professional experience are becoming more and more important requisites for students and graduates and are almost taken for granted by many HR officials. In opposition to this, many newly created Bachelor and Master programmes make it difficult for students to integrate internships into their studies without having to add another semester and thereby "losing" valuable time. This becomes all the more relevant with private universities or universities generally that charge considerable tuition fees.
The idea of a basic income grant (BIG) is not new and there are ongoing debates internationally as well as nationally in low- and middle-income countries just like in high-income countries of a BIG as a social protection policy option. The challenge is that there are different conceptualisations, which conflates and muddles the understanding. In the context of social assistance provision, a universal basic income grant (UBIG) is often compared and contrasted against targeted cash transfers (CTs). This case study systematically presents the arguments for targeted CTs and UBIGs. The value of the case study is that it systematically brings together these arguments, highlighting the variations in UBIG applications, including the evidence and actual impact of UBIG experiments. The structure of the case study is as follows: Section 2 simultaneously contrasts and compares the arguments for targeted CTs and UBIG. Section 3 discusses UBIG experiments, as well as presenting the evidence on the application of the UBIG idea, and Section 4 concludes.
The exchange program was aimed at giving students an international exposure through teaching and intercultural communication and to also enhance the existing relationship among the partner schools. The program lasted for a period of six months from September 2016 to February 2017. The main part of the program was the International Management program which comprised of four courses. The program offered us an opportunity to travel to four European countries to broaden our academic and social network.
From September 2016 to February 2017, I did an internship at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana (UCC) as part of my studies in Business Administration at Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, University of Applied Sciences, Germany (H-BRS). At H-BRS, an internship of five or six months (or, alternatively, one exchange semester) is an obligatory part of the curriculum so students get hands-on experience even before they enter the job market. My internship was also part of the intercontinental partnership between UCC and H-BRS, which has resulted in many different projects.
With the roll out of social protection programmes to national scale, questions about implementation and delivery move more and more into the centre of debate (e.g. UNDP 2020; UNDP and UNCDF 2014; Kramon 2019). This concerns in particular the local level, where key processes of implementation are taking place, but where at the same time institutional, operational and financial capacities are often the weakest. While social protection programmes are usually based on a clearly defined set of operational rules and regulations – usually set out in a programme manual – in practice these processes often tend to look quite different. Although many social protection programmes have explicitly excluded traditional authorities from playing an active role in programme delivery, there is ample evidence from across countries that in many local contexts, these ‘informal institutions’ continue to play an important role in the delivery of social protection programmes.
In recent years, the basic income grant (BIG) discourse has gained attention worldwide as a potential policy option in social protection as testified by recent public debates, ongoing pilot projects, campaigning efforts,1 policy measures during Covid-19 and the surge in academic research. A BIG refers to regular cash transfers paid to all members of society irrespective of their socio-economic status, their capacity or willingness to participate in the labour market or having to meet pre-determined conditions (Offe 2008; Van Parijs 1995, 2003; Wright 2004, 2006). Despite the recent hype around BIG, Iran is the only country worldwide with a scaled-up BIG (Tabatabai 2011, 2012). Other programmes have never gone beyond pilot programmes. This raises the question why this is the case.
The exchange program enables students to travel from their home countries to a partner university in the German-African University project. Students from the University of Nairobi in Kenya and University of Cape Coast in Ghana travel to the Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences and stay for three months attending classes and participating in academic activities together with German students. Similarly, students from Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, University of Applied Sciences, travel to either West or East Africa and are hosted for three months by universities participating in the project. The program enables Kenyan students to accustom themselves to the German way of life and student-centered learning and disciplines. The program integrates fieldwork into the learning activities making education both a skill-imparting and fun process.
I had an opportunity to visit Germany in 2016/2017 during which period I was on an exchange staff program between the University of Nairobi, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, University of Applied Sciences, Germany, and the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. My visit took me to the city of Bonn where the University of Bonn-Rhein-Sieg is located in the suburban area in the cities of Sankt Augustin, Rheinbach, and Hennef. I was able to interact with faculty members and students. During this period, the discussion I had with faculty mainly focused on various programs offered by the university and how they have been able to interact and partner with the industry and create linkages with various firms in Germany. It emerged from our discussion that the development of the curriculum by the university depends on such partnerships.
German African Universities Program (GAUP) is a partnership of three universities encompassing Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, University of Applied Sciences in Germany, University of Nairobi in Kenya, and University of Cape Coast in Ghana. Every year, a number of students from each university are competitively selected to take part in the exchange program in a foreign country for three months in the sponsored project. I participated in the exchange program in Germany during the winter semester 2016/2017. The experience was excellent and the benefits cannot be underestimated. The objective was to integrate with the university community in Germany and learn first-hand from their teaching approaches and experiences by attending classes and interacting in- and outside the classroom. It provided an opportunity for cross-cultural learning, hence preparing us to live and work in different parts of the world. Besides the classroom experience, learning was reinforced by exposure tours in the industry including the Coal mine industrial complex in Essen (UNESCO world heritage since 2001) and Rheinbach.
The nature of the program was an exchange program between Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, University of Applied Sciences and the University of Cape Coast. The program was advertised and we applied. We were shortlisted for interview and we were selected as the candidates for the exchange program. The program took a period of five months. We set off from Accra, Ghana to Germany on 7th September 2015, and returned to Ghana on 25th January 2016.
Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used for structure elucidation of long-chain primary n-alkyl amines after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). Electron impact ionization- (EI) and positive chemical ionization- (PCI) mass spectra of trifluoroacetylated derivatives of the identified nalkyl amines are presented. The corrosion inhibiting n-alkyl amines were applied in the investigation of a new anticorrosive and antifouling formulation for water-steam circuit of energy systems in the power industry. The presented results are part of an EU-funded international collaboration with partners from research institutes and industry from Poland, Lithuania, Romania, France and Germany (EUREKA project BOILTREAT E!2426).
Competency-Based Teaching Using Simulation Exercises: Evidence of the University of Cape Coast
(2018)
Tertiary institutions exist to train manpower to solve local, national, and international problems. Products from such institutions should not be a problem to countries as in the case of some Sub-Saharan African countries including Ghana which has a high level of graduate unemployment. Among the causes of the problem is the nature of teaching or the syllabus or the programs students pursue while in such institutions. The paper discusses one of the teaching strategies used to make a course relevant for a program and for the working world. In this course, students are introduced to practice-oriented learning through simulation exercises. The project activities specifically seek to assess the students’ understanding of business formation; examine students’ understanding of sustainability, creativity and innovation of business ideas; assess their understanding of the functional areas of business including marketing & sales, finance, human resource management, operations, and accounting, among others. Feedback from students who have participated indicates the exercise gave much more exposure and meaning to the concepts they learned in class. In this exercise, students build teams, develop a product, learn to set up a business, and design organogram, business vision, mission, and core values. The exercise empowers students to learn by doing. It accords students the opportunity to review their own knowledge and skills with respect to the concepts they have learned in the course. More than 3000 students have participated in this project since its inception in the academic year 2013/2014. It is estimated that 1000 students will participate in this project in the academic year 2017/2018.
Conclusion
(2018)
There is a paradigm shift from traditional content-based education and training to competencybased and practice-oriented training. This shift has occurred because practice-oriented teaching has been found to produce a training outcome that is industry focused, generating the relevant occupational standards. Competency-based training program often comprises of modules broken into segments called learning outcomes. These learning outcomes are based on criteria set by industry and assessment is designed to ensure students become competent in their respective areas of specialization.
Green IT (Green IS, Green ICT) is a concept of saving energy consumption to reduce IT costs. A current survey shows that only few companies in German speaking countries consider this aspect in their daily business. This is important facing the current situation of attempts of cost saving during the current economic crisis worldwide. This paper introduces into Green IT and presents an IT management and controlling concept. Then the main results of a currently presented survey are used to modify the concept. Finally an agenda for future research is given
Course Profiles
(2018)
Culture is the constellation of shared believes, mores, values, and traditions that define the behavior of people and it is unique to each community at local and national levels. Culture determines the languages spoken by the people, their attitude towards others, and their behavior. While the family is the immediate point through which culture is learned by children, socialization at institutions such as religious organizations, places of worship, schools, and the society’s dispute resolution system reinforce culture. Unlike the Internet, traditional media in the forms of local and national print and audio-visual content tend to reinforce cultural beliefs, values, and practices of specific communities. The uniqueness of culture creates market penetration challenges to entrepreneurs in international markets. Therefore, intercultural communication is a necessary skill for reducing cultural liability and increasing the success of entrepreneurial ventures.
Policy analysis is the cornerstone of evidence-based policy making.1 It identifies the problems, informs programme design, supports the monitoring of policy implementation and is needed to evaluate programme impacts (Scott 2005). Rigorous and credible policy evidence is necessary to ensure the transparency and accountability of policy decisions, to secure political and public support and, hence, the allocation of financial resources. Sound policy analysis helps design effective and efficient programmes, thereby maximizing programme impact.
The European General Data Protection Regulation requires the implementation of Technical and Organizational Measures (TOMs) to reduce the risk of illegitimate processing of personal data. For these measures to be effective, they must be applied correctly by employees who process personal data under the authority of their organization. However, even data processing employees often have limited knowledge of data protection policies and regulations, which increases the likelihood of misconduct and privacy breaches. To lower the likelihood of unintentional privacy breaches, TOMs must be developed with employees’ needs, capabilities, and usability requirements in mind. To reduce implementation costs and help organizations and IT engineers with the implementation, privacy patterns have proven to be effective for this purpose. In this chapter, we introduce the privacy pattern Data Cart, which specifically helps to develop TOMs for data processing employees. Based on a user-centered design approach with employees from two public organizations in Germany, we present a concept that illustrates how Privacy by Design can be effectively implemented. Organizations, IT engineers, and researchers will gain insight on how to improve the usability of privacy-compliant tools for managing personal data.
Dawning of a new global order – An essay on global transformations from an European perspective
(2010)
Demand forecast
(2020)
Any political phenomenon can only be properly understood in its broader con-text. Questions of international cooperation are thus necessarily framed by his-torical processes and relations of power. We therefore start our first discussion with an examination of the global ‘status quo’ and embed the topic of this pub-lication, ODA graduation, into the shifting world order, analysing current roles and settings in international relations and identifying changes in positions, sta-tus and categories. What are the overarching issues determining world politics and who are the old and the new actors driving them? What is the impact of these global shifts on international cooperation, especially development coop-eration? Of what relevance are roles, status and categories and what is the im-pact of changes in positions and relations? What challenges face multilateralism and what ways exist to maintain and renew strategic partnerships and shared values?
Differential-Algebraic Equations and Beyond: From Smooth to Nonsmooth Constrained Dynamical Systems
(2022)
DNA Sequencing
(2011)
DNA Sequencing
(2021)
Domestic Robotics
(2016)
Domestic Robotics
(2008)
Dynamic Programming
(2024)
Motivation is a key ingredient for learning: Only if the learner is motivated, successful learning is possible. Educational robotics has proven to be an excellent tool for motivating students at all ages from 8 to 80. Robot competitions for kids, like RoboCupJunior, are instrumental to sustain motivation over a significant period of time. This increases the chances that the learner acquires more in-depth knowledge about the subject area and develops a genuine interest in the field.
Telecollaborating and communicating in online contexts using English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) requires students to develop multiple literacies in addition to foreign language skills and intercultural communicative competence. This chapter looks at the intersection of technology and teaching ELF, examining mutual contributions of technologies, more specifically Web 2.0, and ELF to each other, and the challenges in designing and implementing collaboration projects across cultures. Moreover, it looks at how the development of digital competencies in ELF (DELF) can be enhanced through the implementation of Web 2.0 mediated intercultural dialogues. The detail of the research design including internet tools used, participants and tasks are also discussed. Data analysis points to a positive attitude towards telecollaboration, also providing confirmation of some of the problems identified in theoretical framework, such as different levels of personal engagement.
Telecollaborating and communicating in online contexts using English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) requires students to develop multiple literacies in addition to foreign language skills and intercultural communicative competence. This chapter looks at the intersection of technology and teaching ELF, examining mutual contributions of technologies, more specifically Web 2.0, and ELF to each other, and the challenges in designing and implementing collaboration projects across cultures. Moreover, it looks at how the development of digital competencies in ELF (DELF) can be enhanced through the implementation of Web 2.0 mediated intercultural dialogues. The detail of the research design including internet tools used, participants and tasks are also discussed. Data analysis points to a positive attitude towards telecollaboration, also providing confirmation of some of the problems identified in theoretical framework, such as different levels of personal engagement.
Based on the WEF Travel & Tourism Report data, this study deploys k-means cluster analysis to build a global typology of national destination governance. Previous studies have focused on case studies, while this chapter focuses on classification of different destination types, by deploying indicators a set of following relevant indicators: wastewater treatment, fixed broadband internet subscriptions, ground transport efficiency, quality of roads, quality of railroad infrastructure, reliability of police services, ease of finding skilled employees. The results present a four-cluster solution of national destination governance types, as well as their major characteristics. The chapter than provides and discusses important implication for theory and practice of destination governance.
Orešković and Porsdam Mann draw a distinction between ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ science. Whereas the latter involves rigorous and laborious adherence to the scientific method, the former represents the reality that much scientific work faces time pressures which at times force shortcuts. The distinction can be seen to operate in contemporary research into the coronavirus pandemic: whereas the development of vaccines and treatments usually requires years of meticulous laboratory work and several more years of clinical testing, the many millions suffering from the disease need a treatment now. However, by taking too many safeguards off the treatment discovery and testing pipelines, or by refusing to act in accordance with scientific advice, governments risk sacrificing the public’s trust not only in the government’s scientific bona fides but in the scientific process itself. This is a heavy price to pay, argue Orešković and Porsdam Mann, and point to evidence indicating that the success of Germany and Japan in combating COVID-19 can be traced to public trust in science and government, as well as scientifically-informed and respectful national leadership.
The objective of the FIVIS project is to develop a bicycle simulator which is able to simulate real life bicycle ride situations as a virtual scenario within an immersive environment. A sample test bicycle is mounted on a motion platform to enable a close to reality simulation of turns and balance situations. The visual field of the bike rider is enveloped within a multi-screen visualisation environment which provides visual data relative to the motion and activity of the test bicycle. That means the bike rider has to pedal and steer the bicycle as a usual bicycle, while the motion is recorded and processed to control the simulation. Furthermore, the platform is fed with real forces and accelerations that have been logged by a mobile data acquisition system during real bicycle test drives. Thus, using a feedback system makes the movements of the platform match to the virtual environment and the reaction of the driver (e.g. steering angle, step rate).
The labor market is dynamic and frequently calls for new skills, knowledge, and abilities. The changing needs of industry place a higher demand on institutions of higher learning to monitor trends in labor needs, identify skill gaps, and to use industry insights for developing programs and curricula that mold human resources to create value for employers and society at large. While several institutions of higher learning are responsive to industry needs through curricula reviews and the development of new programs, little attention is given to pedagogical issues that affect the delivery of knowledge and the development of skills intended by various education programs. Consequently, teachers are entrusted with the freedom to decide the teaching methods that are appropriate under each circumstance. Despite the changing face of the labor market, not much energy has been channeled towards adjusting teaching methods for effective delivery of skills required by students. The failure to adjust teaching methods for training graduates has led to what is commonly known as ‘halfbaked graduates’. In other words, graduates who lack the skills and abilities necessary for placement in the industry. However, the success of an institution of higher learning is illustrated by its ability to train people who perfectly match the needs of the industry.
While Anglo-Saxon HEIs focus on a strong educational background and personal development of students, the German system, in particular Universities of Applied Sciences, emphasize employability through the transfer of job-related professional and soft skills. In this context, learning by practical application of skills has become an important instrument. Concepts for linking theory and application include research-based learning, practical internships or service learning – methods, which also maintain high standards of academic education.
From Conclusion to Coda
(2022)
Gas chromatography with simultaneous flame-ionization detection (FID) and a nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used to characterize some long-chain primary alkyl amines and alkyl diamines after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA).
Germany
(2012)
In the presented project, a new approach for the prevention of hand movements leading to hazards and for non-contact detection of fingers is intended to permit comprehensive and economical protection on circular saws. The basic principles may also be applied to other machines with manual loading and / or unloading. With an automatic blade guard an improved integration of the protection system can be achieved. In addition a new detection principle is explained. The distinction between skin and wood or other material is achieved by a dedicated spectral analysis in the near infrared region. Using LED and photodiodes it is possible to detect fingers and hands reliably. With a kind of light curtain the intrusion of hands or fingers into the dangerous zone near the blade guard can be prevented.