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Software testing in web services environment faces different challenges in comparison with testing in traditional software environments. Regression testing activities are triggered based on software changes or evolutions. In web services, evolution is not a choice for service clients. They have always to use the current updated version of the software. In addition test execution or invocation is expensive in web services and hence providing algorithms to optimize test case generation and execution is vital. In this environment, we proposed several approach for test cases' selection in web services' regression testing. Testing in this new environment should evolve to be included part of the service contract. Service providers should provide data or usage sessions that can help service clients reduce testing expenses through optimizing the selected and executed test cases.
Das Ziel des Gesetzgebers, mit der Neufassung des § 111 Satz 2 SGB X zum 1. 1. 2001 klar zu stellen, welcher Zeitpunkt für den Beginn der Frist zum Ausschluss des Erstattungsanspruchs des Erstattungsberechtigten gegenüber dem zur Erstattung verpflichteten Sozialleistungsträger maßgebend ist, wurde nicht erreicht. Die Anwendungsbereiche des § 111 Satz 1 und 2 SGB X sind ihrem Wortlaut nach nicht erkennbar voneinander abgegrenzt.
Oft wird die Gewinnung von Gastärzten aus dem Ausland als Möglichkeit zur kurz- und mittelfristigen Deckung des Ärztebedarfs in Kliniken in Erwägung gezogen. Die hohen Anforderungen von Landesprüfungsämtern, Arbeitsagenturen, Ausländerbehörden und Botschaften erweisen sich sowohl für Ärzte als auch Kliniken als schwer überwindbare Hürden. Insbesondere Sprachschwierigkeiten sowie mangelhafte fachliche und kulturelle Kenntnisse der internationalen Ärzte sind ohne professionelle Unterstützung kaum zu kompensieren.
Initially, incremental bond graphs were introduced to support frequency domain sensitivity analysis of linearised time-invariant models. Subsequent publications have shown that they can be used for other purposes as well such as the determination of parameter sensitivities of analytical redundancy relations (ARRs) in symbolic form.
BACKGROUND
Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is part of the B-cell coreceptor and expressed by mature B cells and follicular dendritic cells. CD21 is a receptor for C3d-opsonized immune complexes and enhances antigen-specific B-cell responses.
OBJECTIVE
Genetic inactivation of the murine CR2 locus results in impaired humoral immune responses. Here we report the first case of a genetic CD21 deficiency in human subjects.
METHODS
CD21 protein expression was analyzed by means of flow cytometry and Western blotting. CD21 transcripts were quantified by using real-time PCR. The CD21 gene was sequenced. Wild-type and mutant CD21 cDNA expression was studied after transfection of 293T cells. Binding of EBV-gp350 or C3d-containing immune complexes and induction of calcium flux in CD21-deficient B cells were analyzed by means of flow cytometry. Antibody responses to protein and polysaccharide vaccines were measured.
RESULTS
A 28-year-old man presented with recurrent infections, reduced class-switched memory B cells, and hypogammaglobulinemia. CD21 receptor expression was undetectable. Binding of C3d-containing immune complexes and EBV-gp350 to B cells was severely reduced. Sequence analysis revealed a compound heterozygous deleterious mutation in the CD21 gene. Functional studies with anti-immunoglobulin- and C3d-containing immune complexes showed a complete loss of costimulatory activity of C3d in enhancing suboptimal B-cell receptor stimulation. Vaccination responses to protein antigens were normal, but the response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination was moderately impaired.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic CD21 deficiency adds to the molecular defects observed in human subjects with hypogammaglobulinemia.
The criteria for assessing the quality of rubber materials are the polymer or copolymer composition and the additives. These additives include plasticizers, extender oils, carbon black, inorganic fillers, antioxidants, heat and light stabilizers, processing aids, cross-linking agents, accelerators, retarders, adhesives, pigments, smoke and flame retardants, and others. Determination of additives in polymers or copolymers generally requires the extraction of these substances from the matrix as a first step, which can be challenging, and the subsequent analysis of the extracted additives by gas chromatography (GC), GC–mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC–MS, capillary electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, and other analytical techniques. In the present work, nitrile rubber materials were studied using direct analytical flash pyrolysis hyphenated to GC and electrospray ionization MS in both scan and selected ion monitoring modes to demonstrate that this technique is a good tool to identify the organic additives in nitrile rubber.
Context. Although water is an essential and widespread molecule in star-forming regions, its chemical formation pathways are still not very well constrained. Observing the level of deuterium fractionation of OH, a radical involved in the water chemical network, is a promising way to infer its chemical origin.
Aims. We aim at understanding the formation mechanisms of water by investigating the origin of its deuterium fractionation. This can be achieved by observing the abundance of OD towards the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293−2422, where the HDO distribution is already known.
Methods. Using the GREAT receiver on board SOFIA, we observed the ground-state OD transition at 1391.5 GHz towards the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293−2422. We also present the detection of the HDO 111-000 line using the APEX telescope. We compare the OD/HDO abundance ratio inferred from these observations with the predictions of chemical models.
Results. The OD line is detected in absorption towards the source continuum. This is the first detection of OD outside the solar system. The SOFIA observation, coupled to the observation of the HDO 111-000 line, provides an estimate of the abundance ratio OD/HDO ~ 17–90 in the gas where the absorption takes place. This value is fairly high compared with model predictions. This may be reconciled if reprocessing in the gas by means of the dissociative recombination of H2DO+ further fractionates OH with respect to water.
Conclusions. The present observation demonstrates the capability of the SOFIA/GREAT instrument to detect the ground transition of OD towards star-forming regions in a frequency range that was not accessible before. Dissociative recombination of H2DO+ may play an important role in setting a high OD abundance. Measuring the branching ratios of this reaction in the laboratory will be of great value for chemical models.
In this work, preceramic papers containing 85 wt% Al2O3 were heat-treated at 1600 °C to obtain paper-derived ceramics. In order to increase the preceramic paper density prior to sintering, the papers were calendered at different roll temperatures and pressures. The influences of the calendering parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the preceramic papers and the paper-derived ceramics were investigated. It was expected that especially the mechanical properties of the papers and derived ceramics would be improved by calendering.
Warum wir tun, was andere wollen: Psychologische Determinanten informeller Macht in Organisationen
(2012)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass sich informelle Machtstrukturen in Organisationen anhand einer analogen Systematik konzeptualisieren lassen, wie sie üblicherweise auch der formalen Organisationsgestaltung zugrundeliegt. Mit der Adhärenz- und der Kommunikationsintention werden zwei psychologische Strukturierungsmerkmale herausgearbeitet, die mit den bürokratischen Weisungs- und Kommunikationssystemen der formalen Organisation korrespondieren. Auf ihrer Basis wird ein Strukturmodell der informellen Macht in Organisationen aufgestellt und empirisch überprüft. Die hierzu erforderlichen Skalen wurden in einem Pre-Test mit 104 Studenten entwickelt. Für den finalen Test des Modells wurden 309 Mitarbeiter aus dem administrativen Bereich unterschiedlicher Organisationen befragt.
The demand for low cost and disposable devices has driven the development of intelligent photodiodes, especially multispectral photodiodes that were first manufactured by Rieve et al. in 2000 [1]. The most remarkable feature of these devices is the voltage-controlled spectral response. In this paper we present a-SiGe:H based bias sensitive ni3p photodiodes that have been fabricated successfully in a low temperature PECVD process. Multispectral diodes based on ni3p structures make use of an intrinsic layer divided into three regions. Further subdivision of the i-layer into different collection regions is the key to an unequivocal optical detection. In addition to the a-SiGe:H multispectral photodiodes developed at the IMT, there is an inestimable wealth of different sensor approaches that has been optimized for different applications. To optimize the separation of secondary colors (i.e. spectral signatures) it is necessary to separate only those response curves (i.e. bands) with a very high information density [2, 3]. In our case, samples of whitish powder suspected to be dangerous or illegal must be unequivocally characterized. There is need for an application specific band selection method by which various sensors can be compared and evaluated. Unfortunately it is not sufficient to optimize the spectral response only as discussed in [4]. The requirements for measuring surroundings and the mechanical handling of all parameters together form a multivariate data set. Examined were in fact more than 5,000 measurement setup combinations, fictional and real, each considering 10 parameters that partially influence each other. The influence of all these parameters has to be examined, with the awareness of multivariate analysis [5].
Auf dem Weg zur Promotion: Zur Benachteiligung von Fachhochschul-Absolventinnen und -Absolventen
(2012)
Das Team aus Sascha Czornohus, Katrin Dobersalske, Fabian Heuel und Nina Petrow bearbeitet mit seinem „Aufsatz Auf dem Weg zur Promotion: Strukturelle Benachteiligung von Fachhochschul-Absolventinnen und -Absolventen“ ein hochschulpolitisch brisantes und daher sensibles Thema, das die Hochschulpolitik inzwischen in offener Auseinandersetzung beschäftigt. Seit die Forschung unstreitig zu den Aufgaben der Fachhochschulen zählt, Promotion zu den Berufungsvoraussetzungen an ihnen gehört und alle Professoren an Universitäten ausgebildet wurden, wurde die Forderung nach Promotionszugängen für die Master-Absolventen der Fachhochschulen immer lauter. Teillösungen wurden gefunden, aber die Debatte wird breiter und umfasst inzwischen (auf dem Hintergrund der Profil- und Schwerpunktbildung mit sehr unterschiedlichem Ausbau der Fächer) die Frage, ob überhaupt ganzen Hochschulen das Promotionsrecht verliehen werden sollte oder von Fachbereich zu Fachbereich verschieden – auch bei Universitäten. Die Überzeugung, dass die Verteilung des Promotionsrechts in Deutschland überprüft werden sollte, breitet sich aus. Das HSW ist an der breiteren Diskussion dieses Themas interessiert.
Handlungsspielräume zur Gestaltung nachhaltiger Mobilität werden unzulänglich genutzt. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus Gesundheit, Umwelt und Verkehr finden zögerlich Eingang in Verkehrspolitik. Konkurrenz der Ministerien für Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Umwelt und Gesundheit hindert an der Wahrnehmung der Wertschöpfung nachhaltiger Mobilität. Bemühungen um eine Entlastung der Innenstädte sind von effizienter Prävention weit entfernt, externe Kosten werden ignoriert. Biokraftstoffpflanzungen (mit Raubbau an Regenwäldern) erhöhen die Emissionen der industrialisierten Landwirtschaft und ruinieren Wasserressourcen. Diese Verschiebung in andere klimagasrelevante Produktionsbereiche verschlimmert die globalen CO2-Bilanzen. Wenige Einzelfälle sind verkehrs-ökologisch am Verursacherprinzip orientiert (z. B. in Österreich). Die WHO stellt Wissen bereit, unerwünschte Effekte vermeidbar zu machen. Über vermeidbare Gesundheitsfolgekosten (Atemwegserkrankungen, Übergewicht) liegt zwar genügend Material vor. Transdisziplinäre Betrachtungen der Wertschöpfung werden aber als nicht umsetzbar abqualifiziert.
BACKGROUND: Conventional cancer therapies are associated with severe side-effects and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, new strategies to specifically target tumor cells leaving healthy tissue unaffected are of great interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On this respect, we tested the antimicrobial peptide (KLAKLAK)(2). RESULTS: This peptide exhibits cytotoxicity against human breast cancer and other tumor cells, while healthy cells remain unaffected. Moreover, treatment with this cationic amphipathic peptide results in slower tumor growth and longer overall survival in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a potential use of (KLAKLAK)(2) peptide for patients with breast and other types of cancer.
