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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung eines, für die kontrollierte Freisetzung hydrophiler Wirkstoffe geeigneten, Verkapselungssystems mit dem Ziel die Freisetzung osteospezifischer P2-Liganden zu verzögern, um bei der Behandlung von Knochendefekten kritischer Größe die Bildung neuen Knochengewebes zu gewährleisten. Hierfür werden, unter Anwendung der immersiven Layer-by-Layer-Beschichtung, mit den Modell-Substanzen Adenosintriphosphat und Suramin versetzte, Alginat sowie κ-Carrageen-Kapseln mit Chitosan und Lignosulfonat beschichtet und auf ihr Freisetzungsverhalten hin untersucht.
The Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR) is the premier conference on Virtual and Augmented Reality in Brazil. Traditionally sponsored by the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC), SVR is in its 21th edition and has established itself as an international scientific forum for the exchange of experience and knowledge among researchers, professionals, practitioners, students and developers concerned with research and development of human-computer interfaces focused on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Realities.
The special section in Computers & Graphics Journal (CAG) is an alternative track for paper submission. All accepted papers are scheduled for oral presentation at SVR. The paper presentation instructions and the no show policy are the same as those of full papers accepted in the main conference track; please, see the website for full instructions.
Gefährdet die Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps und Wearables die solidarische Krankenversicherung?
(2019)
Blutdruck messen, Schrittzahl verfolgen, Schlaf kontrollieren, Zuckerwerte im Blick haben und sogar die Durchführung von EKGs – dies sind nur einige der Anwendungen, die ein gängiges Mobiltelefon oder eine Smartwatch mit entsprechender Software durchführen können. Apps und Wearables (so werden am Körper getragene Computertechnologien genannt) werden in ihren Einsatzmöglichkeiten immer vielfältiger.
Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde Kraft-Lignin mit Natriumsulfit demethyliert, um den Gehalt an aromatischen Hydroxygruppen zu erhöhen und damit die Reaktivität des Lignins in Bezug auf Polyurethan-Synthesen zu erhöhen. Variiert wurden die Demethylierungstemperatur (72°C, 90°C) sowie der pH-Wert zur Isolierung des Kraft-Lignins (pH 2, 3, 4 und 5). Die Analyse der demethylierten Proben erfolgte mittels differentieller UV-Spektroskopie und der OH-Gehaltbestimmung via automatischer Titration (angelehnt an ISO 14900:2001(E)). Weitere Untersuchungen umfassten Löslichkeitstests sowie Strukturanalysen via FTIR- und UV/Vis-Spektroskopie.
2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (beta-ketothiolase) deficiency: one disease - two pathways
(2019)
Background: 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency (MATD; deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase T2/ “beta-ketothiolase”) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization and isoleucine degradation due to mutations in ACAT1.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for all available clinical descriptions of patients with MATD. 244 patients were identified and included in this analysis. Clinical course and biochemical data are presented and discussed.
Results: For 89.6 % of patients at least one acute metabolic decompensation was reported. Age at first symptoms ranged from 2 days to 8 years (median 12 months). More than 82% of patients presented in the first two years of life, while manifestation in the neonatal period was the exception (3.4%). 77.0% (157 of 204 patients) of patients showed normal psychomotor development without neurologic abnormalities.
Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all cases with MATD identified in the literature. It demonstrates that MATD is a rather benign disorder with often favourable outcome, when compared with many other organic acidurias.
Background 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketogenesis and leucine degradation due to mutations in HMGCL .
Method We performed a systematic literature search to identify all published cases. 211 patients of whom relevant clinical data were available were included in this analysis. Clinical course, biochemical findings and mutation data are highlighted and discussed. An overview on all published HMGCL variants is provided.
Results More than 95% of patients presented with acute metabolic decompensation. Most patients manifested within the first year of life, 42.4% already neonatally. Very few individuals remained asymptomatic. The neurologic long-term outcome was favorable with 62.6% of patients showing normal development.
Conclusion This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all published cases with HMGCLD including a list of all known HMGCL mutations.
Pozzolanic properties of Pennisetum purpureum grass ash were tested on Portland cement. Results show that the ash can be blended with cements without compromising binding strength of the cement. It was found that Portland cement could be blended with Pennisetum purpureum up to a ratio of 3:2 compromising compressive strength of mortar.Mortar with lower cement replacement took longer to set as evidenced by lower compressive strength within the 28-day aging time. Mortar with higher cement replacement had lower water absorption capacity, an indication that the test pozzolan was of smaller particulate size. XRF analysis and the FTIR spectrum showed that the ash has a higher content of silica. The XRD pattern of the ash showed that the ash was predominantly amorphous. SEM images showed that the ash produced at 600 o C had residual carbon material.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
(2020)
This chapter focuses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a multipotent stem cell type that has been found in a variety of tissues and organs of the human body since their discovery in 1970. Their main function is to maintain and repair the respective tissue in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells can be easily isolated from different tissues and can undergo extensive self-proliferation prior to differentiation into various mesodermal cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myocytes, and fibroblasts. Because of this vast differentiation potential, mesenchymal stem cells are a promising tool for regenerative medicine approaches. They could play an important role in cellular therapy, tissue replacement and regeneration in the future. Mesenchymal stem cells will be compared for their application and differentiation potential to embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells and the limitations and challenges using scaffolds for tissue repair will be presented. In addition, legal and ethical aspects of the use of mesenchymal stem cells will be discussed. Moreover, isolation protocols for mesenchymal stem cells from the most common sources namely bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord are included.
Modern Monte-Carlo-based rendering systems still suffer from the computational complexity involved in the generation of noise-free images, making it challenging to synthesize interactive previews. We present a framework suited for rendering such previews ofstatic scenes using a caching technique that builds upon a linkless octree. Our approach allows for memory-efficient storage and constant-time lookup to cache diffuse illumination at multiple hitpoints along the traced paths. Non-diffuse surfaces are dealt with in a hybrid way in order to reconstruct view-dependent illumination while maintaining interactive frame rates. By evaluating the visual fidelity against ground truth sequences and by benchmarking, we show that our approach compares well to low-noise path traced results, but with a greatly reduced computational complexity allowing for interactive frame rates. This way, our caching technique provides a useful tool for global illumination previews and multi-view rendering.
We present the development and evaluation of a basic building block for a future wireless sensor network for agriculture monitoring in Argentina. The module consists of a compact battery-powered wireless sensor node capable of monitoring the ambient air parameters of temperature, humidity, gas and air pressure in the agriculture industry of Argentina's Pampa region. Further in-and outputs allow the system to be extended flexibly by adding more sensors. Throughout the development, a simple, low-cost and open-source-based approach together with a lightweight communication protocol was pursued. The sensor nodes cover ranges of over 400 metres and can be operated on two AAA alkaline batteries for several years. Detailed current consumption values, range limits and battery life estimates are presented.
Poland
(2018)
Poland belongs to the first wave of pension reformers in Central and Eastern Europe. The Polish pension reform of the late 1990s can serve as a case study for the challenges faced when implementing a radical paradigmatic pension reform towards a privatized DC scheme. This report analyses the background of the original reform, discusses its political, social and economic impact and explains the reasons for later reform reversals. The report stresses that the two re-reform waves, which took place in 2011 and 2013, were mainly driven by fiscal considerations. Since the current system maintains the DC scheme applied to both public and private tiers, the recent reversal of privatization will not improve benefit levels.
The complex nature of multifactorial diseases, such as Morbus Alzheimer, has produced a strong need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the involved complementary pathways. We performed a purposive structural modification of a tetratarget small-molecule, that is contilisant, and generated a combinatorial library of 28 substituted chromen-4-ones. The compounds comprise a basic moiety which is linker-connected to the 6-position of the heterocyclic chromenone core. The syntheses were accomplished by Mitsunobu- or Williamson-type ether formations. The resulting library members were evaluated at a panel of seven human enzymes, all of which being involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. A concomitant inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase B, with IC50 values of 5.58 and 7.20 μM, respectively, was achieved with the dual-target 6-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (7).
Geschäftsprozess-Management
(2019)
Start-ups stehen im Wettbewerb um qualifizierte Mitarbeiter in starker Konkurrenz zu etablierten Unternehmen und Konzernen. Der Bedarf an Fachkräften (etwa Software-Entwicklern) ist größer als je zuvor [1]. Wie stellen sich Start-ups als Arbeitgeber dar, um Personal für sich zu gewinnen? Dieser Frage wurde im Rahmen der Studie „Start-ups als Arbeitgeber“ nachgegangen.
Die Bilder aus dem Silicon Valley sind bekannt: Das Großraumbüro mit den Sitzecken zum Zurückziehen. Schaukeln, Kickern und Videospiele zum Relaxen in den Arbeitspausen. Überall gibt es etwas zu essen und zu trinken, und das natürlich gratis. – Diese Vorstellungen haben viele im Kopf. Finden sich diese Bilder in der Selbstdarstellung deutscher Start-ups als Arbeitgeber wieder?
Die hier vorgestellte Studie will keine allgemeingültigen Ergebnisse liefern, sondern ist explorativ angelegt und soll zur weiteren Beschäftigung mit diesem Forschungsfeld in Wissenschaft und Praxis anregen.
Bone tissue engineering is an ever-changing, rapidly evolving, and highly interdisciplinary field of study, where scientists try to mimic natural bone structure as closely as possible in order to facilitate bone healing. New insights from cell biology, specifically from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and signaling, lead to new approaches in bone regeneration. Novel scaffold and drug release materials based on polysaccharides gain increasing attention due to their wide availability and good biocompatibility to be used as hydrogels and/or hybrid components for drug release and tissue engineering. This article reviews the current state of the art, recent developments, and future perspectives in polysaccharide-based systems used for bone regeneration.
Migration und Unternehmensgründung sind wichtige Bestandteile gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung. In diesem Buch stellen ausgewiesene Experten aus dem Interkulturellen Management und dem Unternehmertum schrittweise die Unternehmensgründung durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund dar. Zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele veranschaulichen die Thematik und erleichtern so die praktische Umsetzung. Systematische Handreichungen unterstützen Berater, Trainer und Institutionen zudem im täglichen Umgang mit migrantischen Gründerinnen und Gründern.
Internet-Ökonomie
(2019)
Dieses Buch zeigt, wie sich Apple, Amazon, Facebook und Google zu den wertvollsten Unternehmen der Welt entwickeln konnten. Ihr Erfolg basiert auf dem Ergreifen von Chancen, die die digitale Welt und das Internet bieten. Traditionelle Geschäftsmodelle werden dadurch verändert und über Jahrzehnte gewachsene Marktstrukturen teilweise in Frage gestellt.
Abläufe wie Schieben, Gegenstemmen, Heben, Tragen, Sprung aus der Hocke sind nicht willkürlich gesteuerte Belastungen der Sehne und damit als Gelegenheitsanlässe und nicht Unfallereignisse anzusehen. Entsprechende Abläufe können die Sehne nicht gefährden, es fehlt hierbei bereits an der physiologisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Kausalität.
In an effort to assist researchers in choosing basis sets for quantum mechanical modeling of molecules (i.e. balancing calculation cost versus desired accuracy), we present a systematic study on the accuracy of computed conformational relative energies and their geometries in comparison to MP2/CBS and MP2/AV5Z data, respectively. In order to do so, we introduce a new nomenclature to unambiguously indicate how a CBS extrapolation was computed. Nineteen minima and transition states of buta-1,3-diene, propan-2-ol and the water dimer were optimized using forty-five different basis sets. Specifically, this includes one Pople (i.e. 6-31G(d)), eight Dunning (i.e. VXZ and AVXZ, X=2-5), twenty-five Jensen (i.e. pc-n, pcseg-n, aug-pcseg-n, pcSseg-n and aug-pcSseg-n, n=0-4) and nine Karlsruhe (e.g. def2-SV(P), def2-QZVPPD) basis sets. The molecules were chosen to represent both common and electronically diverse molecular systems. In comparison to MP2/CBS relative energies computed using the largest Jensen basis sets (i.e. n=2,3,4), the use of smaller sizes (n=0,1,2 and n=1,2,3) provides results that are within 0.11--0.24 and 0.09-0.16 kcal/mol. To practically guide researchers in their basis set choice, an equation is introduced that ranks basis sets based on a user-defined balance between their accuracy and calculation cost. Furthermore, we explain why the aug-pcseg-2, def2-TZVPPD and def2-TZVP basis sets are very suitable choices to balance speed and accuracy.
Kaum im Bereich der Sozialversicherung bemerkt, hat der BFH mit Urteil vom 28.11.2017 entschieden, dass von einer Restschuldbefreiung Steuer-Masseverbindlichkeiten nicht erfasst werden, weil das öffentlich-rechtliche Steuerschuldverhältnis gegenüber dem Steuerschuldner bestehen bleibt. Das Urteil betrifft zwar (nur) Forderungen aus einem Steuerschuldverhältnis, wirft aber die Frage auf, ob dieser Grundsatz auch auf die kraft Gesetzes entstehenden Beiträge zur gesetzlichen Sozialversicherung zu übertragen ist, mit der Folge, dass der redliche Insolvenzschuldner nach Erteilung der Restschuldbefreiung mit Zwangsvollstreckungsmaßnahmen auch hinsichtlich der Masse-Beiträge zur gesetzlichen Sozialversicherung rechnen muss.
Currently, a variety of methods exist for creating different types of spatio-temporal world models. Despite the numerous methods for this type of modeling, there exists no methodology for comparing the different approaches or their suitability for a given application e.g. logistics robots. In order to establish a means for comparing and selecting the best-fitting spatio-temporal world modeling technique, a methodology and standard set of criteria must be established. To that end, state-of-the-art methods for this type of modeling will be collected, listed, and described. Existing methods used for evaluation will also be collected where possible.
Using the collected methods, new criteria and techniques will be devised to enable the comparison of various methods in a qualitative manner. Experiments will be proposed to further narrow and ultimately select a spatio-temporal model for a given purpose. An example network of autonomous logistic robots, ROPOD, will serve as a case study used to demonstrate the use of the new criteria. This will also serve to guide the design of future experiments that aim to select a spatio-temporal world modeling technique for a given task. ROPOD was specifically selected as it operates in a real-world, human shared environment. This type of environment is desirable for experiments as it provides a unique combination of common and novel problems that arise when selecting an appropriate spatio-temporal world model. Using the developed criteria, a qualitative analysis will be applied to the selected methods to remove unfit options.
Then, experiments will be run on the remaining methods to provide comparative benchmarks. Finally, the results will be analyzed and recommendations to ROPOD will be made.
Multi-robot systems (MRS) are capable of performing a set of tasks by dividing them among the robots in the fleet. One of the challenges of working with multirobot systems is deciding which robot should execute each task. Multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) algorithms address this problem by explicitly assigning tasks to robots with the goal of maximizing the overall performance of the system. The indoor transportation of goods is a practical application of multi-robot systems in the area of logistics. The ROPOD project works on developing multi-robot system solutions for logistics in hospital facilities. The correct selection of an MRTA algorithm is crucial for enhancing transportation tasks. Several multi-robot task allocation algorithms exist in the literature, but just few experimental comparative analysis have been performed. This project analyzes and assesses the performance of MRTA algorithms for allocating supply cart transportation tasks to a fleet of robots. We conducted a qualitative analysis of MRTA algorithms, selected the most suitable ones based on the ROPOD requirements, implemented four of them (MURDOCH, SSI, TeSSI, and TeSSIduo), and evaluated the quality of their allocations using a common experimental setup and 10 experiments. Our experiments include off-line and semi on-line allocation of tasks as well as scalability tests and use virtual robots implemented as Docker containers. This design should facilitate deployment of the system on the physical robots. Our experiments conclude that TeSSI and TeSSIduo suit best the ROPOD requirements. Both use temporal constraints to build task schedules and run in polynomial time, which allow them to scale well with the number of tasks and robots. TeSSI distributes the tasks among more robots in the fleet, while TeSSIduo tends to use a lower percentage of the available robots.
Subsequently, we have integrated TeSSI and TeSSIduo to perform multi-robot task allocation for the ROPOD project.
Purpose To investigate how completing vocational re-training influenced income and employment days of working-age people with disabilities in the first 8 years after program admission. The investigation also included the influence of vocational re-training on the likelihood of receiving an earnings incapacity pension and on social security benefit receipt. Methods This retrospective cohort study with 8 years follow up was based on data from 2399 individuals who had completed either a 1-year vocational re-training program (n = 278), or a 2-year vocational re-training program (n = 1754) or who were admitted into re-training but never completed the program (n = 367). A propensity score-based method was used to account for observed differences and establish comparability between program graduates and program dropouts. Changes in outcomes were examined using the inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment method. Results After controlling for other factors, over the 8 years after program admission, graduates of 1-year re-training, on average, were employed for an additional 405 days, 95% CI [249 days, 561 days], and had earned €24,260 more than without completed re-training, 95% CI [€12,805, €35,715]. Two-year program completers, on average, were employed for 441 additional days, 95% CI [349 days, 534 days], and had earned €35,972 more than without completed re-training, 95% CI [€27,743, €44,202]. The programs also significantly reduced the number of days on social-security and unemployment benefits and lowered the likelihood of an earnings incapacity pension. Conclusion Policies to promote the labor market re-integration of persons with disabilities should consider that vocational re-training may be an effective tool for sustainably improving work participation outcomes.
CSR-Erfolgssteuerung
(2019)
Das Lehrbuch behandelt den CSR-Reformprozess, der Unternehmen zur globalen Sorgfaltspflicht (Due Diligence) auffordert. Die CSR-Berichterstattungpflicht, die Vergaberechtsreform und die Aufforderung zur Implementierung von Risikomanagementsystemen treffen dabei nicht nur große, sondern insbesondere auch mittlere und kleine Unternehmen (KMU). Das Buch soll daher die CSR-Relevanz für Unternehmen aller Größen transparent machen und Umsetzungsblockaden und -hemmnisse abbauen.
Die unterschiedlichen Facetten der digitalen Zukunft zu beleuchten – sei es die aktive Gestaltungsaufgabe der Politik, die ethischen und moralischen Anpassungen durch Digitalisierung in der Gesellschaft oder die technische und wirtschaftliche Verantwortung – und in Bezug zueinander zu setzen, ist Aufgabe und Ziel dieser Publikation. Im Zuge der digitalen Transformation ist zudem der Ruf nach einer neuen Kultur für Gesellschaft, Politik und Wirtschaft geboten.
