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Während sich die unternehmerische Arbeitswelt immer mehr in Richtung Agilität verschiebt, verharrt das IT-Controlling noch in alten, klassischen Strukturen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Fragestellung, ob und inwieweit agile Ansätze im IT-Controlling eingesetzt werden können. Dieser Beitrag ist eine modifizierte Version des in der Zeitschrift „HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik“ (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1365/s40702-022-00837-0) erschienenen Artikels „Agiles IT-Controlling“.
Agiles IT-Controlling
(2022)
Während im IT-Projektmanagement agile Methoden seit vielen Jahren in der Praxis Zuspruch finden, werden im IT-Controlling überwiegend noch klassische Methoden eingesetzt. Der Beitrag untersucht die Fragestellung, ob und wie die im IT-Controlling eingesetzten Methoden auch agilen Paradigmen folgen und Methoden des agilen IT-Projektmanagements adaptiert werden können.
For most people, using their body to authenticate their identity is an integral part of daily life. From our fingerprints to our facial features, our physical characteristics store the information that identifies us as "us." This biometric information is becoming increasingly vital to the way we access and use technology. As more and more platform operators struggle with traffic from malicious bots on their servers, the burden of proof is on users, only this time they have to prove their very humanity and there is no court or jury to judge, but an invisible algorithmic system. In this paper, we critique the invisibilization of artificial intelligence policing. We argue that this practice obfuscates the underlying process of biometric verification. As a result, the new "invisible" tests leave no room for the user to question whether the process of questioning is even fair or ethical. We challenge this thesis by offering a juxtaposition with the science fiction imagining of the Turing test in Blade Runner to reevaluate the ethical grounds for reverse Turing tests, and we urge the research community to pursue alternative routes of bot identification that are more transparent and responsive.
Technological objects present themselves as necessary, only to become obsolete faster than ever before. This phenomenon has led to a population that experiences a plethora of technological objects and interfaces as they age, which become associated with certain stages of life and disappear thereafter. Noting the expanding body of literature within HCI about appropriation, our work pinpoints an area that needs more attention, “outdated technologies.” In other words, we assert that design practices can profit as much from imaginaries of the future as they can from reassessing artefacts from the past in a critical way. In a two-week fieldwork with 37 HCI students, we gathered an international collection of nostalgic devices from 14 different countries to investigate what memories people still have of older technologies and the ways in which these memories reveal normative and accidental use of technological objects. We found that participants primarily remembered older technologies with positive connotations and shared memories of how they had adapted and appropriated these technologies, rather than normative uses. We refer to this phenomenon as nostalgic reminiscence. In the future, we would like to develop this concept further by discussing how nostalgic reminiscence can be operationalized to stimulate speculative design in the present.
AI (artificial intelligence) systems are increasingly being used in all aspects of our lives, from mundane routines to sensitive decision-making and even creative tasks. Therefore, an appropriate level of trust is required so that users know when to rely on the system and when to override it. While research has looked extensively at fostering trust in human-AI interactions, the lack of standardized procedures for human-AI trust makes it difficult to interpret results and compare across studies. As a result, the fundamental understanding of trust between humans and AI remains fragmented. This workshop invites researchers to revisit existing approaches and work toward a standardized framework for studying AI trust to answer the open questions: (1) What does trust mean between humans and AI in different contexts? (2) How can we create and convey the calibrated level of trust in interactions with AI? And (3) How can we develop a standardized framework to address new challenges?
Dienstleister
(2022)
Internationale Patienten
(2022)
Interkulturelles Management
(2022)
Marketingmaßnahmen
(2022)
The cooperation between researchers and practitioners during the different stages of the research process is promoted as it can be of benefit to both society and research supporting processes of ‘transformation’. While acknowledging the important potential of research–practice–collaborations (RPCs), this paper reflects on RPCs from a political-economic perspective to also address potential unintended adverse effects on knowledge generation due to divergent interests, incomplete information or the unequal distribution of resources. Asymmetries between actors may induce distorted and biased knowledge and even help produce or exacerbate existing inequalities. Potential merits and limitations of RPCs, therefore, need to be gauged. Taking RPCs seriously requires paying attention to these possible tensions—both in general and with respect to international development research, in particular: On the one hand, there are attempts to contribute to societal change and ethical concerns of equity at the heart of international development research, and on the other hand, there is the relative risk of encountering asymmetries more likely.
Taste is a complex phenomenon that depends on the individual experience and is a matter of collective negotiation and mediation. On the contrary, it is uncommon to include taste and its many facets in everyday design, particularly online shopping for fresh food products. To realize this unused potential, we conducted two Co-Design workshops. Based on the participants’ results in the workshops, we prototyped and evaluated a click-dummy smart-phone app to explore consumers’ needs for digital taste depiction. We found that emphasizing the natural qualities of food products, external reviews, and personalizing features lead to a reflection on the individual taste experience. The self-reflection through our design enables consumers to develop their taste competencies and thus strengthen their autonomy in decision-making. Ultimately, exploring taste as a social experience adds to a broader understanding of taste beyond a sensory phenomenon.
The accurate forecasting of solar radiation plays an important role for predictive control applications for energy systems with a high share of photovoltaic (PV) energy. Especially off-grid microgrid applications using predictive control applications can benefit from forecasts with a high temporal resolution to address sudden fluctuations of PV-power. However, cloud formation processes and movements are subject to ongoing research. For now-casting applications, all-sky-imagers (ASI) are used to offer an appropriate forecasting for aforementioned application. Recent research aims to achieve these forecasts via deep learning approaches, either as an image segmentation task to generate a DNI forecast through a cloud vectoring approach to translate the DNI to a GHI with ground-based measurement (Fabel et al., 2022; Nouri et al., 2021), or as an end-to-end regression task to generate a GHI forecast directly from the images (Paletta et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2021). While end-to-end regression might be the more attractive approach for off-grid scenarios, literature reports increased performance compared to smart-persistence but do not show satisfactory forecasting patterns (Paletta et al., 2021). This work takes a step back and investigates the possibility to translate ASI-images to current GHI to deploy the neural network as a feature extractor. An ImageNet pre-trained deep learning model is used to achieve such translation on an openly available dataset by the University of California San Diego (Pedro et al., 2019). The images and measurements were collected in Folsom, California. Results show that the neural network can successfully translate ASI-images to GHI for a variety of cloud situations without the need of any external variables. Extending the neural network to a forecasting task also shows promising forecasting patterns, which shows that the neural network extracts both temporal and momentarily features within the images to generate GHI forecasts.
Introduction: Recovery experiences have thus far been portrayed as experiences that simply “happen” to people. However, recovery can also be understood from a crafting perspective; that is, individuals may proactively shape their work and non-work activities to recover from stress, satisfy their psychological needs, and achieve optimal functioning.
Materials and Methods: In my talk, I will present the theoretical basis of needs-based crafting based on a conceptual review of the literature. Moreover, I will present empirical findings on the validation of a newly developed off-job crafting scale.
Results: In five sub studies, we found that off-job crafting was related to optimal functioning over time. Moreover, the newly developed off-job crafting scale had good convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.
Conclusions: Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that needs-based crafting can enhance optimal functioning in different life domains and support people in performing their work duties sustainably. Proactive attempts to achieve better recovery through needs satisfaction may be beneficial in an intensified and continually changing and challenging working life. Our line of research provides important avenues for organizational research and practices regarding recovery and needs satisfaction occurring at work and outside work.
Unlimited paid time off policies are currently fashionable and widely discussed by HR professionals around the globe. While on the one hand, paid time off is considered a key benefit by employees and unlimited paid time off policies (UPTO) are seen as a major perk which may help in recruiting and retaining talented employees, on the other hand, early adopters reported that employees took less time off than previously, presumably leading to higher burnout rates. In this conceptual review, we discuss the theoretical and empirical evidence regarding the potential effects of UPTO on leave utilization, well-being and performance outcomes. We start out by defining UPTO and placing it in a historical and international perspective. Next, we discuss the key role of leave utilization in translating UPTO into concrete actions. The core of our article constitutes the description of the effects of UPTO and the two pathways through which these effects are assumed to unfold: autonomy need satisfaction and detrimental social processes. We moreover discuss the boundary conditions which facilitate or inhibit the successful utilization of UPTO on individual, team, and organizational level. In reviewing the literature from different fields and integrating existing theories, we arrive at a conceptual model and five propositions, which can guide future research on UPTO. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and societal implications of UPTO.
Personal-Information-Management-Systeme (PIMS) gelten als Chance, um die Datensouveränität der Verbraucher zu stärken. Datenschutzbezogene Fragen sind für Verbraucher immer dort relevant, wo sie Verträge und Nutzungsbedingungen mit Diensteanbietern eingehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert dieser Beitrag die Potenziale von VRM-Systemen, die nicht nur das Datenmanagement, sondern das gesamte Vertragsmanagement von Verbrauchern unterstützen. Dabei gehen wir der Frage nach, ob diese besser geeignet sind, um Verbraucher zu souveränem Handeln zu befähigen.
The latest trends in inverse rendering techniques for reconstruction use neural networks to learn 3D representations as neural fields. NeRF-based techniques fit multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to a set of training images to estimate a radiance field which can then be rendered from any virtual camera by means of volume rendering algorithms. Major drawbacks of these representations are the lack of well-defined surfaces and non-interactive rendering times, as wide and deep MLPs must be queried millions of times per single frame. These limitations have recently been singularly overcome, but managing to accomplish this simultaneously opens up new use cases. We present KiloNeuS, a new neural object representation that can be rendered in path-traced scenes at interactive frame rates. KiloNeuS enables the simulation of realistic light interactions between neural and classic primitives in shared scenes, and it demonstrably performs in real-time with plenty of room for future optimizations and extensions.
Dieses Buch zeigt konkret auf, was Geschäftsprozessmanagement ist und wie man es nutzen kann. Hierzu werden die zentralen Aspekte erklärt und praxistaugliche Tools anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt. Erleichtern Sie sich die tägliche Praxis der Analyse und Optimierung von Geschäftsprozessen! Der Inhalt Durchgängiges Fallbeispiel Überblick über praxisrelevante Modellierungsmethoden Modellierung von Prozesslandkarten, Swimlanes, BPMN- und eEPK-Diagrammen Analyse und Optimierung von Prozessen Prozesscontrolling mit Kennzahlen
Entspannung im Arbeitsalltag – Einsatz von Mentalsystemen für die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung
(2022)
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health education programs and workplace health promotion (WHP) could only be offered under difficult conditions, if at all. In Germany for example, mandatory lockdowns, working from home, and physical distancing have led to a sharp decline in expenditure on prevention and health promotion from 2019 to 2020. At the same time, the pandemic has negatively affected many people’s mental health. Therefore, our goal was to examine audiovisual stimulation as a possible measure in the context of WHP, because its usage is contact-free, time flexible, and offers, additionally, voice-guided health education programs. In an online survey following a cross-sectional single case study design with 393 study participants, we examined the associations between audiovisual stimulation and mental health, work engagement, and burnout. Using multiple regression analyses, we could identify positive associations between audiovisual stimulation and mental health, burnout, and work engagement. However, longitudinal data are needed to further investigate causal mechanisms between mental health and the use of audiovisual stimulation. Nevertheless, especially with regard to the pandemic, audiovisual stimulation may represent a promising measure for improving mental health at the workplace.
The backdated research dedicated to digital entrepreneurship education is immense, which makes it difficult to create an overview. Conversely, forward-thinking bibliometric visualization mapping and clustering can assist in visualizing and structuring difficult research literature. Hence, the goal of this mapping visualization study is to thoroughly discover and create clusters of EE to convey a taxonomic structure that can oblige as a basis for upcoming research. The analyzed data, which is drawn from Google Scholar through Publish or Perish tool, contain 1000 documents published between 2007 and 2022. This taxonomy should generate stronger bonds with digital entrepreneurial education research; on the other, it should stand in international research association to boost both interdisciplinary digital entrepreneurial education and its influence on a universal basis. This work strengthens student’s understanding of current digital entrepreneurial education research by classifying and decontaminating the most powerful knowledgeable relationship among its contributions and contributors. The bibliographic analysis includes ‘citation network’, ‘author’s research area’ and ‘paper content’ regarding the desired topic. In this paper, the above three mentioned terms are integrated which produces a bibliographic model of authors, titles of their papers, keywords and abstract by using Harzing’s Publish or Perish tool for extracting data from Google Scholar and further using VOSViewer to visualize networking map of co-authorship and term co-occurrence to administer the data for an instinctive and appropriate understanding of university students concerning ‘digital entrepreneurial intention’ research. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to analyze the keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship and VOSViewer is used for visualization.
Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of user experience (UX) on shopping mall customers’ intention to use a social robot. Therefore, we used a Wizard of Oz approach that enabled data collection in situ. Quantitative data was obtained from a questionnaire completed by shopping mall customers who interacted with a social robot. Data was used in a regression analysis, where user experience factors served as predictors for robot use in retail. The regression model explains up to 23.2% of the variance in customers’ intention to use a social robot. In addition, we collected qualitative data on human-robot-interactions and used the data to complement the interpretation of statistical results. Our findings suggest that only hedonic qualities significantly contribute to the prediction of customers’ intention, that shopping mall customers are reluctant to grant pragmatic qualities to social robots, and that UX evaluation in HRI requires additional predictors.
Professor Dr. Dietmar Fink, Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Unternehmensberatung an der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg und Geschäftsführender Direktor der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Management und Beratung (WGMB) in Bonn, über den Mehrwert von Consulting-Rankings und den Sinn von Beraterprojekten bei Versicherern
While the recent discussion on Art. 25 GDPR often considers the approach of data protection by design as an innovative idea, the notion of making data protection law more effective through requiring the data controller to implement the legal norms into the processing design is almost as old as the data protection debate. However, there is another, more recent shift in establishing the data protection by design approach through law, which is not yet understood to its fullest extent in the debate. Art. 25 GDPR requires the controller to not only implement the legal norms into the processing design but to do so in an effective manner. By explicitly declaring the effectiveness of the protection measures to be the legally required result, the legislator inevitably raises the question of which methods can be used to test and assure such efficacy. In our opinion, extending the legal compatibility assessment to the real effects of the required measures opens this approach to interdisciplinary methodologies. In this paper, we first summarise the current state of research on the methodology established in Art. 25 sect. 1 GDPR, and pinpoint some of the challenges of incorporating interdisciplinary research methodologies. On this premise, we present an empirical research methodology and first findings which offer one approach to answering the question on how to specify processing purposes effectively. Lastly, we discuss the implications of these findings for the legal interpretation of Art. 25 GDPR and related provisions, especially with respect to a more effective implementation of transparency and consent, and provide an outlook on possible next research steps.
Contract-based nature protection schemes are a voluntary mechanism, with a limited contract duration, that aim to raise the acceptance of biodiversity conservation practices in agriculture among farmers and other land users. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the institutional settings of contract-based nature protection based on the– “Institutions of Sustainability” (IoS) framework in the German Rhine-Sieg district, and to outline the way in which policy measures should be designed to encourage farmers to participate in contract-based nature protection programmes. This was achieved by answering research questions to identify the challenges, potentials and obstacles of a contract-based nature protection scheme in different “sub-arenas” as defined in the IoS framework. Qualitative research methods were used as the methodology. The analysis shows that main constraints for sufficient implementation of contract-based nature protection schemes are the limited consideration of the impact of climate change during the contract period, the limited consideration of regional conditions as regards the measures taken on the ground and an inflexible contract duration.
Ethik im Medizintourismus
(2022)
Vor dem Hintergrund der Covid-19-Pandemie hat sich das Home-Office in Deutschland seit dem Jahr 2020 weit verbreitet und wird seitdem bei vielen Arbeitgebern als neue Arbeitsmethode genutzt. Der Einsatz von Home-Office kann verschiedene positive als auch negative Effekte auf die Beschäftigten und den Arbeitgeber sowie die Gesellschaft allgemein haben. Damit von möglichst vielen positiven Effekten profitiert werden kann, ist ein gutes Home-Office Konzept erforderlich. Welche Anforderungen an ein solches Konzept bestehen und welche Voraussetzungen grundlegend mit der Nutzung von Home-Office verbunden sind, wird in dem Beitrag aufgezeigt. Dabei werden von technischen bis hin zu sozialen Aspekten Anforderungen verschiedener Arten berücksichtigt, welche durch eine durch den Autor durchgeführte Studie gebildet worden sind. Im Fokus dieses Beitrages sollen die kritischen Erfolgsfaktoren für das ideale Arbeiten im Home-Office stehen, also die Anforderungen, welche ausschlaggebend für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung eines Home-Office Konzeptes sind und Einfluss auf die wahrgenommenen Effekte des Home-Office haben. Die im Beitrag aufgeführte Studie des Autors wurde im Rahmen der Abschlussarbeit von Herrn Jeske durchgeführt, auf welcher der Beitrag basiert.
Emotions are associated with the genesis of visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality
(2022)
Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a well-known side effect of virtual reality (VR) immersion, with symptoms including nausea, disorientation, and oculomotor discomfort. Previous studies have shown that pleasant music, odor, and taste can mitigate VIMS symptomatology, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. We predicted that positive emotions influence the VIMS-reducing effects. To investigate this, we conducted an experimental study with 68 subjects divided into two groups. The groups were exposed to either positive or neutral emotions before and during the VIMS-provoking stimulus. Otherwise, they performed exactly the same task of estimating the time-to-contact while confronted with a VIMS-provoking moving starfield stimulation. Emotions were induced by means of pre-tested videos and with International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images embedded in the starfield simulation. We monitored emotion induction before, during, and after the simulation, using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) valence and arousal scales. VIMS was assessed before and after exposure using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and during simulation using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS) and FMS-D for dizziness symptoms. VIMS symptomatology did not differ between groups, but valence and arousal were correlated with perceived VIMS symptoms. For instance, reported positive valence prior to VR exposure was found to be related to milder VIMS symptoms and, conversely, experienced symptoms during simulation were negatively related to subjects’ valence. This study sheds light on the complex and potentially bidirectional relationship of VIMS and emotions and provides starting points for further research on the use of positive emotions to prevent VIMS.
Research has identified nudging as a promising and effective tool to improve healthy eating behavior in a cafeteria setting. However, it remains unclear who is and who is not “nudgeable” (susceptible to nudges). An important influencing factor at the individual level is nudge acceptance. While some progress has been made in determining influences on the acceptance of healthy eating nudges, research on how personal characteristics (such as the perception of social norms) affect nudge acceptance remains scarce. We conducted a survey on 1032 university students to assess the acceptance of nine different types of healthy eating nudges in a cafeteria setting with four influential factors (social norms, health-promoting collaboration, responsibility to promote healthy eating, and procrastination). These factors are likely to play a role within a university and a cafeteria setting. The present study showed that key influential factors of nudge acceptance were the perceived responsibility to promote healthy eating and health-promoting collaboration. We also identified three different student clusters with respect to nudge acceptance, demonstrating that not all nudges were accepted equally. In particular, default, salience, and priming nudges were at least moderately accepted regardless of the degree of nudgeability. Our findings provide useful policy implications for nudge development by university, cafeteria, and public health officials. Recommendations are formulated for strengthening the theoretical background of nudge acceptance and the susceptibility to nudges.