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Social cash transfers (SCTs) are considered a priority in least-developed countries, where the gap between the need for basic social protection and existing provisions is greatest. This study represents one of the first comprehensive treatments of the impact of social cash transfers in low-income sub-Saharan Africa, and the first for Zambia's oldest SCT scheme. The results, based on propensity score matching and fully efficient odds-weighted regression, and data from the Kalomo SCT pilot scheme, confirm positive SCT effects on per capita consumption expenditure. We also discover threshold effects with SCT mostly impacting food expenditure among poorer beneficiary households and non-food expenditure among wealthier beneficiaries.
Die Vorteile, Nutzer aktiv, früh und langfristig in ntwicklungsprozesse zu integrieren, um Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden und Nutzerbedürfnisse zu adressieren, sind nicht nur in der akademischen Forschung bekannt. Prozesse und Strukturen in Unternehmen der IKT-Branche sind bereits häufig agil implementiert. Dennoch schaffen es kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) oftmals nicht, die Potentiale einer Nutzerintegration konsequent auszuschöpfen. In Fallstudien wurden drei unterschiedliche KMU analysiert, wie sie die Stimme des Nutzers im Entwicklungsprozess berücksichtigen. Unterschiedliche Strategien der Nutzerintegration, die sich in Rollen und Werkzeugen, in Anforderungen und Problemen an das Nutzersample, Methoden und Datenaufbereitung widerspiegeln, werden beleuchtet. Unser Beitrag soll helfen, Herausforderungen und Probleme von KMU auf der Suche nach angemessenen und passgenauen Wegen der Nutzerintegration zu verstehen und Lösungen zu gestalten.
Purpose – The aim of the study is to investigate the implementation of corporate sustainability (CS) in the German real estate sector.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors begin by outlining the framework set by the European Union and the German Federal Government for companies wanting to be classified as sustainable. After this, the relevance of sustainability for German real estate companies is discussed. Their empirical section contains an international comparison. Finally, they present an analysis checking the implementation of CS for the main 135 German real estate companies.
Findings – The present analysis shows that German real estate companies compare well with their international counterparts, in 2012 representing 15 per cent of all real estate firms reporting on the basis of the Global Reporting Initiative. However, of the 135 companies in Germany surveyed, only a small proportion classify themselves as CS and CSR (corporate social responsibility) enterprises. This number could be rapidly increased by better documentation of companies’ commitment to sustainability.
Practical implications – The study’s importance lies in the overview it provides of CS activities in the German real estate industry. In addition, it provides hints on how companies can improve their documentation to classify as CSR enterprises. Although the analysis concentrates on Germany, the results are also relevant for companies in other European countries.
In times of climatic or political grievances that affect not only human life worldwide, but also the environment and the economic situation of a country, a change in the way of thinking about tourism is beginning and the sector of ecotourism is also becoming increasingly important in Germany. The applicability of this form of tourism in the East African destination Kenya in the form of a travel package that is both partly unique and can be designed individually describes the subject matter of this elaboration and is illustrated using the example of the charitable organization Mully Children's Family and the related registered tourism company, MCF Africa Safaris. The underlying research aims to determine how to transform the organisation's own tree planting initiative into a niche tourist market and how this must be geared to gain the interest of the German eco-tourist. Based on the evaluation of the research results, there is high potential, which is dedicated to the implementation of a form of travel consisting of the active support of the named charity and its initiative as well as individually selectable holiday activities in the target market Kenya. As a result, there are basic prerequisites, the consideration of which is essential for the successful integration of the so-called niche market tree planting and the branch-specific nature of ecotourism in the Kenyan travel market.
These times are very troubled ones. Not only do wars and political unrest seem to prevail in different regions of the world, but, corruption and fraud have reached an incredible dimension, too. It seems that societies have, to a large extent, lost values in which they had formerly believed in. These issues may be the background why at the moment Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a voluntary commitment is discussed in public that intensively. However, one gets the impression that this rather often seems to be superficial. Therefore, it is time to do some in-depth research to identify whether there is real substance behind these discussions or not. Latin America is a big continent with a greater number of countries which are running through difficult times as to corruption and fraud. Consequently, the author studied the policy of the central employers association Consejo Empresarial de America Latina (CEAL) with respect to the role of CSR. On the basis of statements, news and results of studies being regularly published, conclusions were drawn to which extent social and environmental aspects, along the line of ISO 26000, are playing a relevant role.
In order to avoid a too narrow view of the issue, a holistic approach concerning the generalsituation of Latin America has been selected using parameters such as economic growth, increase of population, poverty, inequality, and the global responsibility for environment. Furthermore, apart from the central organization CEAL, regional and national institutions with a specific mission for spreading and implementing CSR and two communal projects were analyzed as well. The conclusion of the paper is that there are some CSR "lighthouses" but an urgent need exists to spread the idea of CSR more intensively across the continent. Corresponding recommendations about how to increase the relevance of CSR in Latin America are given at the end of the paper.
İnsanlar yeryüzünün doğal kaynaklarını onun bunları yenileyebileceğinden daha hızlı tüketmektedirler. İnsanların bu tutumlarının bedelini gelecek kuşaklar ödeyeceklerdir. Gelecek kuşaklara bu bedeli ödetmemek için artık parasal kârları ençoklamak, niceliksel olarak büyümek ve bolluk yaratmak doğrultusunda işleyen şimdiki ekonomik faaliyetleri bir başka biçime dönüştürmek kaçınılmazdır. Peren Teoremi göstermektedir ki Dünya örneğinde de olduğu gibi kapalı bir sistem doğal kaynak tüketimi eş düzeyde bir doğal kaynak üretimi ile yaşayabilir. Üretim ile tüketim arasındaki denge çok uzun bir süre bozulursa gezegen doğal bir ölüm ile karşılaşır. Bunu sağlamak üzere Dünya üzerinde yaşayan ve/veya dünya sayesinde yaşayan tüm insanların kişi başına doğal kaynak tüketimlerini artan küresel nüfusla orantılı bir biçimde azaltmak gerekir.
Das Konzept des Living Lab ist eine in der Wissenschaft anerkannte Innovations- und Forschungsmethodik. Im betrieblichen Kontext - insbesondere in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) – wird sie bislang jedoch kaum genutzt. Um die Nutzung im kommerziellen Kontext von Smart Home zu erforschen, wird im Forschungsprojekt SmartLive aktuell ein Living Lab zum Thema aufgebaut, bei dem Unternehmen, Forscher sowie ca. 30 teilnehmenden Haushalte die alltägliche Nutzung von kommerziellen, sowie experimentell entwickelten Lösungen untersuchen und neue Interaktionskonzepte gemeinsam erarbeiten. Ferner wurden mit den teilnehmenden Unternehmen Interviews zu deren Entwicklungsprozessen, deren Einstellung zu Usability und User Experience (UUX), sowie den Potenzialen und Möglichkeiten eines Living Labs für KMU geführt. Ziel der Interviews ist es, darauf aufbauend UUX-Dienstleistungen zu identifizieren, die rund um ein kommerziell betriebenes Living Lab angeboten werden können. Hierbei wurde zunächst das Kompetenz-Netzwerk als ein wichtiges Asset eines Living Lab hervorgehoben, da es eine projektförmige Kooperation fördert. Zudem wurde der Bedarf nach flexiblen Dienstleistungen ähnlich einem Baukastensystem deutlich, mit dessen Hilfe relativ kurzfristig als auch nachhaltige innovative Konzepte erprobt, Marketingstrategien entwickelt sowie prototypische Entwicklungen hinsichtlich UUX und technischer Qualität evaluiert werden können.
Personal values and electronic waste disposal behaviours among households in Cape Coast Metropolis
(2021)
The study examined social values that accounted for electronic waste recycling and reuse behaviours. Via a crosscommunity survey of 193 of households in the Cape Coast Metropolis, a correlational design was employed in the study. Partial Least Squares-Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. Results from the analysis showed the influence of altruistic values (β = 0.275, p < 0.05) on reuse behaviour. Similarly, environmental awareness (β = 0.213, p<0.05) also showed significant influence on participation in recycling, whereas psychological ownership significantly influenced both reuse (β = 0.319, p < 0.05), and participation in recycling (β = 0.339, p < 0.05), The joint significance of altruistic values, environmental awareness and psychological ownership to explaining recycling participation was 21.3% (R2 = 0.213, p < 0.05) and that of reuse was 24.6% (R2 = 0.246, p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that individuals who are knowledgeable about the state of their environment were more likely to participate in recycling. On the other hand, individuals with altruistic values preferred giving unwanted electronic equipment to others for reuse. Altruistic values are particularly true of collectivist cultural orientation. Psychological ownership was significant in predicting both behaviours, however, the effect size on reuse was moderate. Psychological ownership due to waste aversion and frugality lead consumers to keep, and subsequently give to close relatives in their social network. It was recommended that individuals should be encouraged to patronize formal recycling services. as a way to show concern for the well-being of others by reducing pollution due to improper waste treatment. Again, like in developed economies, second-hand collection systems for unwanted electronic products can be developed, and made convenient for individuals with reusable items, who may be willing to donate or even resell.
This study sought to apply the Structure Conduct Performance paradigm to Africa´s air transport landscape in general. To do that, it examines the past, present, and future expectations of four of Sub-Saharan Africa’s biggest aviation economies, namely South Africa, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Secondary data containing historical passenger traffic was analysed, and predictions for growth in the next ten years were proposed. The findings suggest that the experience of the existing liberalization initiatives, such as the Yamoussoukro Declaration (YD), has produced less than expected benefits. However, the future of aviation in Africa is somewhat positive, with a growth trajectory expected to follow a linear and gradual path supported by various initiatives, including the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCTA). The study’s contribution is to illuminate the current discourse on the aviation sector in Africa through the Structure-Conduct-Performance theory paradigm and suggests a conceptual model that could be applied to future studies relating to aviation in Africa.
Rural Social Entrepreneurship (RSE) is considered an essential factor for achieving Sustainable Rural Development (SRD) and improving rural people's socio-economic status through increasing production, productivity, reducing unemployment, and accelerating the progress in achieving SDGs. The paper aims at examining the role of social entrepreneurship in achieving (SRD) in Sudan with reference to Wad Balal Project for investment and rural development in Gezira State, which established in 2005 in small villages in Gezira State through mobilizing of local savings and resources for creating job opportunities, sponsoring poor households, improving the infrastructures, and reducing poverty. The study depends on cross-sectional data collected through a questionnaire and focus group discussion from 100 head of households in the village under research. A questionnaire is internally consistent, and its questions are stable. Frequencies and percentages have been used for describing the basic characteristics of the respondents. Statistical t-test was adopted to test the opinions of respondents about the role of the project based on the Likert scale. The results revealed that the project has significantly increased the opportunities of job and training as well as household income, the results also confirmed that the project has improved the status of education and health services in the village. The project has extended and established many branches; the project also diversified its investment to cover more kinds of investments, the project reinvested 50% of its profits and directed the rest to charity, and social services in the village, many lessons can be learned from the project story. The research recommended that a similar social entrepreneurship project can be generalized to more villages in Sudan and other developing countries to accelerate sustainable rural development. Local communities have to support similar initiatives for developing their villages.