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For many different applications, current information about the bandwidth-related metrics of the utilized connection is very useful as they directly impact the performance of throughput sensitive applications such as streaming servers, IPTV and VoIP applications. In literature, several tools have been proposed to estimate major bandwidth-related metrics such as capacity, available bandwidth and achievable throughput. The vast majority of these tools fall into one of Packet Pair (PP), Variable Packet Size (VPS), Self-Loading of Periodic Streams (SLoPS) or Throughput approaches. In this study, seven popular bandwidth estimation tools including nettimer, pathrate, pathchar, pchar, clink, pathload and iperf belonging to these four well-known estimation techniques are presented and experimentally evaluated in a controlled testbed environment. Differently from the rest of studies in literature, all tools have been uniformly classified and evaluated according to an objective and sophisticated classification and evaluation scheme. The performance comparison of the tools incorporates not only the estimation accuracy but also the probing time and overhead caused.
As competition for tourists becomes more global, understanding and accommodating the needs of international tourists, with their different cultural backgrounds, has become increasingly important. This study highlights the variations in tourist industry service--particularly as they relate to different cultures. Specifically, service failures experienced by Japanese and German tourists in the U.S. were categorized using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT). The results were compared with earlier studies of service failures experienced by American consumers in the tourist industry. The sample consists of 128 Japanese and 94 “Germanic” (German, Austrian, Swiss-German) respondents. The Japanese and German sample rated “Inappropriate employee behavior” most significant category of service failure. More than half of these respondents said that, because of the failure, they would avoid the offending U.S. business. This is a much stronger response than an American sample had reported in an earlier study. The implications for managers and researchers are discussed.
Multi-Merger-Szenarien als Herausforderung für das IT-Controlling - Checklisten zur IT-Integration
(2006)
Trueness and precision of milled and 3D printed root-analogue implants: A comparative in vitro study
(2023)
AI (artificial intelligence) systems are increasingly being used in all aspects of our lives, from mundane routines to sensitive decision-making and even creative tasks. Therefore, an appropriate level of trust is required so that users know when to rely on the system and when to override it. While research has looked extensively at fostering trust in human-AI interactions, the lack of standardized procedures for human-AI trust makes it difficult to interpret results and compare across studies. As a result, the fundamental understanding of trust between humans and AI remains fragmented. This workshop invites researchers to revisit existing approaches and work toward a standardized framework for studying AI trust to answer the open questions: (1) What does trust mean between humans and AI in different contexts? (2) How can we create and convey the calibrated level of trust in interactions with AI? And (3) How can we develop a standardized framework to address new challenges?
Software testing in web services environment faces different challenges in comparison with testing in traditional software environments. Regression testing activities are triggered based on software changes or evolutions. In web services, evolution is not a choice for service clients. They have always to use the current updated version of the software. In addition test execution or invocation is expensive in web services and hence providing algorithms to optimize test case generation and execution is vital. In this environment, we proposed several approach for test cases' selection in web services' regression testing. Testing in this new environment should evolve to be included part of the service contract. Service providers should provide data or usage sessions that can help service clients reduce testing expenses through optimizing the selected and executed test cases.
Once aberrantly activated, the Wnt/βcatenin pathway may result in uncontrolled proliferation and eventually cancer. Efforts to counter and inhibit this pathway are mainly directed against βcatenin, as it serves a role on the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In addition, speciallygenerated lymphocytes are recruited for the purpose of treating liver cancer. Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes are expanded by the timely addition of interferon γ, interleukin (IL)1β, IL2 and anticluster of differentiation 3 antibody. The resulting cells are called cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells. The present study utilised these cells and combine them with drugs inhibiting the Wnt pathway in order to examine whether this resulted in an improvement in the killing ability of CIK cells against liver cancer cells. Drugs including ethacrynic acid (EA) and ciclopirox olamine (CPX) were determined to be suitable candidates, as determined by previous studies. Drugs were administered on their own and combined with CIK cells and then a cell viability assay was performed. These results suggest that EAtreated cells demonstrated apoptosis and were significantly affected compared with untreated cells. Unlike EA, CPX killed normal and cancerous cells even at low concentrations. Subsequent to combining EA with CIK cells, the potency of killing was increased and a greater number of cells died, which proves a synergistic action. In summary, EA may be used as an antihepatocellular carcinoma drug, while CPX possesses a high toxicity to cancerous as well as to normal cells. It was proposed that EA should be integrated into present therapeutic methods for cancer.
Competitions for Benchmarking: Task and Functionality Scoring Complete Performance Assessment
(2015)
Die Komplexität der Entscheidungen im Fuhrparkmanagement hat in der jüngeren Vergangenheit deutlich zugenommen. Damit steigen die Anforderungen an den Fuhrparkcontroller, den Fuhrparkleiter mit entscheidungsrelevanten Informationen im Sinne eines internen Dienstleisters zu unterstützen. Das Dynamic Carbon Accounting bietet die Möglichkeit, strategische, strukturelle und kulturelle Anforderungen an das Fuhrparkcontrolling durch die Kombination von Prozesskostenrechnung, Target Costing, Life Cycle Costing und den Ideen des Carbon Accountings instrumentell zu berücksichtigen. Je nach Bedeutung der Nachhaltigkeit für den Unternehmenserfolg können die damit verbundenen Auszahlungen noch differenzierter aufgenommen werden. So ist es denkbar, externe Auszahlungen der Emissionen von NO(ind x), Nichtmethan-Kohlenwasserstoffen, Partikeln, Lärm und Unfällen in die Rechnung zu integrieren. Damit wird je Fahrzeug der Beitrag zur Erreichung von Emissionszielen transparent gemacht und ist durch eine zielgerichtete Integration in den Controllingprozess des Unternehmens plan- und steuerbar. Da von einer zukünftig zunehmenden Komplexität des wirtschaftlichen Handelns auszugehen ist, wird sich der praktische Bedarf an dynamischen, marktorientierten Instrumenten im Controlling generell und speziell im Fuhrparkcontrolling weiter erhöhen.
The general method of topological reduction for the network problems is presented on example of gas transport networks. The method is based on a contraction of series, parallel and tree-like subgraphs for the element equations of quadratic, power law and general monotone dependencies. The method allows to reduce significantly the complexity of the graph and to accelerate the solution procedure for stationary network problems. The method has been tested on a large set of realistic network scenarios. Possible extensions of the method have been described, including triangulated element equations, continuation of the equations at infinity, providing uniqueness of solution, a choice of Newtonian stabilizer for nearly degenerated systems. The method is applicable for various sectors in the field of energetics, including gas networks, water networks, electric networks, as well as for coupling of different sectors.
Thermo-chemical conversion of cucumber peel waste for biobased energy and chemical production
(2022)
Defect evolution in thermal barrier coating systems under multi-axial thermomechanical loading
(2005)
Advanced thermal gradient mechanical fatigue testing of CMSX-4 with an oxidation protection coating
(2008)
Die Norm EN ISO 13849-1 stellt explizite Anforderungen an sicherheitsgerichtete SPS-Software. Wie lassen sich diese im Maschinenbau praxisgerecht umsetzen? Mit dieser Frage hat sich ein von der DGUV gefördertes und an der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg durchgeführtes Projekt beschäftigt. Der Beitrag skizziert die Vorgehensweise zur möglichen Umsetzung der normativen Anforderungen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist unabhängig von der verwendeten Sicherheits-SPS und daher allgemein anwendbar. Es wird auf insgesamt 10 dokumentierte Beispiele und einen ausführlichen Forschungsbericht verwiesen, die downloadbar sind.
DeltaV Neural ist eine Softwareapplikation innerhalb des Prozessautomatisierungssystems DeltaV, die es dem Anwender ermöglicht, auf einfache Art und Weise Softsensoren zu konfigurieren. Softsensoren besitzen die Aufgabe, schwer messbare oder nur in großen Zeitabständen ermittelbare Prozessausgangsgrößen mittels einfacher und schneller messbarer Ersatzmessgrößen zu schätzen bzw. vorherzusagen.
Dem RTPM (Real-Time Performance Monitoring) wurde in den letzten Jahren in der Automatisierungstechnik immer mehr Beachtung geschenkt. Drei ausgewählte Aspekte des RPTM werden behandelt: Alarmanalyse, Reglerperformance und Stelleinrichtungen. Die Reduktion von Alarmmeldungen mit Hilfe einer Alarmanalyse wird mit Hilfe von Beispielen aus der Industrie veranschaulicht. Ziel einer Analyse ist die Identifikation von (1) falschen Alarmgrenzen, (2) Reglern, bei denen Störungen im Handbetrieb ausgeregelt werden, (3) Reglern, bei denen Betriebspunktänderungen im Handbetrieb ausgeführt werden, (4) Reglern mit Stellgrößen bei 0% oder 100%, (5) falschen Reglerparametern sowie (6) Fehlern in der Messtechnik, Antrieben, Klappen oder Ventilen. Die industrielle Anwendung der Überwachung der Reglerperformance wird anhand des in das Prozessautomatisierungssystem DeltaV von Emerson Process Management integrierten Softwareproduktes DeltaV Inspect erläutert. DeltaV überwacht und bewertet (1) die Bereichsüberschreitungen der Regelgrößen und der Stellsignale, (2) die Betriebsarten (Hand oder Automatik) und (3) die Regelungsgüte. Die Regelungsgüte wird bei einem konstanten Sollwert und stochastischen Störungen aus dem Unterschied zwischen der tatsächlichen und der theoretisch erreichbaren Varianz des Regelfehlers berechnet. Anstelle einer Korrelations- bzw. Regressionsanalyse wird die theoretisch erreichbare minimale Varianz aus der aktuellen Varianz des Regelfehlers und der Varianz der Abweichung der aufeinander folgenden Regelfehlerabtastwerte berechnet.
Der I. Senat des BFH hat dem Großen Senat mit Beschluss vom 7.4.2010 die Frage vorgelegt, ob der subjektive Fehlerbegriff zwar in Bezug auf nach Bilanzaufstellung neu bekanntgewordene Tatsachen beizubehalten, in Bezug auf bessere Rechtserkenntnisse nach Bilanzaufstellung aber aufzugeben ist. Der Große Senat hat insoweit eine schwierige Entscheidung zu treffen, da sich materielles Bilanzsteuerrecht, Verfahrensrecht und Handelsrecht bei dieser Frage überlagern. hat schon 1991 von einem heillosen und verworrenen Labyrinth gesprochen, in dem es schwer falle, die Prinzipien zu erkennen. Zusätzlich hat der Große Senat unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Kontinuität der Rechtsprechung und der Rechtssicherheit abzuwägen, ob es gerechtfertigt ist, eine seit 50 Jahren bestehende Rechtsprechung aufzugeben. Die Entscheidung des Großen Senats hat sich durch den Präsidentenwechsel beim BFH verzögert, ist aber nunmehr in nächster Zeit zu erwarten.
I. Einleitung II. Soziale Sicherung als Bestandteil entwicklungspolitischer Agenden – Eine internationale Perspektive III. Internationale Politikdiffusion und nationaler Politikwandel – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen IV. Die Rolle internationaler Politikdiffusion für den Wandel sozialer Sicherungssysteme – Empirische Evidenz V. Schlussfolgerungen
There has been a growing interest in taste research in the HCI and CSCW communities. However, the focus is more on stimulating the senses, while the socio-cultural aspects have received less attention. However, individual taste perception is mediated through social interaction and collective negotiation and is not only dependent on physical stimulation. Therefore, we study the digital mediation of taste by drawing on ethnographic research of four online wine tastings and one self-organized event. Hence, we investigated the materials, associated meanings, competences, procedures, and engagements that shaped the performative character of tasting practices. We illustrate how the tastings are built around the taste-making process and how online contexts differ in providing a more diverse and distributed environment. We then explore the implications of our findings for the further mediation of taste as a social and democratized phenomenon through online interaction.
Herein we report an update to ACPYPE, a Python3 tool that now properly converts AMBER to GROMACS topologies for force fields that utilize nondefault and nonuniform 1–4 electrostatic and nonbonded scaling factors or negative dihedral force constants. Prior to this work, ACPYPE only converted AMBER topologies that used uniform, default 1–4 scaling factors and positive dihedral force constants. We demonstrate that the updated ACPYPE accurately transfers the GLYCAM06 force field from AMBER to GROMACS topology files, which employs non-uniform 1–4 scaling factors as well as negative dihedral force constants. Validation was performed using β-d-GlcNAc through gas-phase analysis of dihedral energy curves and probability density functions. The updated ACPYPE retains all of its original functionality, but now allows the simulation of complex glycomolecular systems in GROMACS using AMBER-originated force fields. ACPYPE is available for download at https://github.com/alanwilter/acpype.
Updating a shared data structure in a parallel program is usually done with some sort of high-level synchronization operation to ensure correctness and consistency. The realization of such high-level synchronization operations is done with appropriate low-level atomic synchronization instructions that the target processor architecture provides. These instructions are costly and often limited in their scalability on larger multi-core / multi-processor systems. In this paper, a technique is discussed that replaces atomic updates of a shared data structure with ordinary and cheaper read/write operations. The necessary conditions are specified that must be fulfilled to ensure overall correctness of the program despite missing synchronization. The advantage of this technique is the reduction of access costs as well as more scalability due to elided atomic operations. But on the other side, possibly more work has to be done caused by missing synchronization. Therefore, additional work is traded against costly atomic operations. A practical application is shown with level-synchronous parallel Breadth-First Search on an undirected graph where two vertex frontiers are accessed in parallel. This application scenario is also used for an evaluation of the technique. Tests were done on four different large parallel systems with up to 64-way parallelism. It will be shown that for the graph application examined the amount of additional work caused by missing synchronization is neglectible and the performance is almost always better than the approach with atomic operations.
SpMV Runtime Improvements with Program Optimization Techniques on Different Abstraction Levels
(2016)
The multiplication of a sparse matrix with a dense vector is a performance critical computational kernel in many applications, especially in natural and engineering sciences. To speed up this operation, many optimization techniques have been developed in the past, mainly focusing on the data layout for the sparse matrix. Strongly related to the data layout is the program code for the multiplication. But even for a fixed data layout with an accommodated kernel, there are several alternatives for program optimizations. This paper discusses a spectrum of program optimization techniques on different abstraction layers for six different sparse matrix data format and kernels. At the one end of the spectrum, compiler options can be used that hide from the programmer all optimizations done by the compiler internally. On the other end of the spectrum, a multiplication kernel can be programmed that use highly sophisticated intrinsics on an assembler level that ask for a programmer with a deep understanding of processor architectures. These special instructions can be used to efficiently utilize hardware features in processors like vector units that have the potential to speed up sparse matrix computations. The paper compares the programming effort and required knowledge level for certain program optimizations in relation to the gained runtime improvements.
Industrie 4.0: Digitale Wirtschaft – Herausforderung und Chance für Unternehmen und Arbeitswelt
(2015)
Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre werden neue Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in der Arbeitswelt genutzt, in wachsendem Ausmaß und mit wachsender Bedeutung. Die verstärkte Digitalisierung verändert sowohl die Wirtschaft als auch die Gesellschaft. Es wird sogar von der "vierten industriellen Revolution" gesprochen, denn traditionelle Geschäftsmodelle geraten unter Druck.
Hochschulen beschäftigen sich mit der Frage, wie Lehrveranstaltungen und Forschungsprojekte durch den Einsatz digitaler Werkzeuge und Lernplattformen begleitet und ergänzt werden können. Bibliotheken spielen hierbei häufig eine tragende Rolle, auf ganz unterschiedliche Art und Weise: Als Content-Entwickler und -Provider, als Supportstelle oder als E-Learning-Beratungsstelle für Lehrende und Studierende.
Insolvenzanfechtung von Beitragszahlungen an Sozialversicherungsträger – aktuelle Rechtsprechung
(2010)
Using Visual and Auditory Cues to Locate Out-of-View Objects in Head-Mounted Augmented Reality
(2021)
Although most individuals who gamble do so without any adverse consequences, some individuals develop a recurrent, maladaptive pattern of gambling behaviour, often called pathological gambling or gambling disorder, that is associated with financial losses, disruption of family and interpersonal relationships, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Identifying whether different types of gambling modalities vary in their ability to lead to maladaptive patterns of gambling behaviour is essential to develop public policies that seek to balance access to gambling opportunities with minimizing risk for the potential adverse consequences of gambling behaviour. Until recently, assessing the risk potential of different types of gambling products was nearly impossible. ASTERIG, initially developed in Germany in 2006-2010, is an assessment tool to measure and to evaluate the risk potential of any gambling product based on scores on ten dimensions. In doing so, it also allows a comparison to be drawn between the addictive potential of different gambling products. Furthermore, the tool highlights where the specific risk potential of each specific gambling product lies. This makes it a valuable tool at the legislative, case law, and administrative levels as it allows the risk potential of individual gambling products to be identified and to be compared globally and across 10 different dimensions of risk potential. We note that specific gambling products should always be evaluated rather than product groups (lotteries, slot machines) or providers, as there may be variations among those product groups that impact their risk potential. For example, slot machines may vary on the amount of jackpot, which may influence their risk potential.
Zentrale Archivierung und verteilte Kommunikation digitaler Bilddaten in der Pneumokoniosevorsorge
(2010)
Pneumokoniose-Vorsorgeuntersuchungen erfordern die Befundung einer Röntgenthoraxaufnahme nach ILO-Staublungenklassifikation. Inzwischen werden die benötigten Aufnahmen bereits in großem Umfang digital angefertigt und kommuniziert. Hierdurch entstehen neue Anforderungen an verwendete Technik und Workflow-Mechanismen, um einen effizienten Ablauf von Untersuchung, Befundung und Dokumentation zu gewährleisten.
BGML - a novel XML format for the exchange and the reuse of bond graph models of engineering systems
(2006)
Hybrid system models exploit the modelling abstraction that fast state transitions take place instantaneously so that they encompass discrete events and the continuous time behaviour for the while of a system mode. If a system is in a certain mode, e.g. two rigid bodies stick together, then residuals of analytical redundancy relations (ARRs) within certain small bounds indicate that the system is healthy. An unobserved mode change, however, invalidates the current model for the dynamic behaviour. As a result, ARR residuals may exceed current thresholds indicating faults in system components that have not happened. The paper shows that ARR residuals derived from a bond graph cannot only serve as fault indicators but may also be used for bond graph model-based system mode identification. ARR residuals are numerically computed in an off-line simulation by coupling a bond graph of the faulty system to a non-faulty system bond graph through residual sinks. In real-time simulation, the faulty system model is to be replaced by measurements from the real system. As parameter values are uncertain, it is important to determine adaptive ARR thresholds that, given uncertain parameters, allow to decide whether the dynamic behaviour in a current system mode is the one of the healthy system so that false alarms or overlooking of true faults can be avoided. The paper shows how incremental bond graphs can be used to determine adaptive mode-dependent ARR thresholds for switched linear time-invariant systems with uncertain parameters in order to support robust fault detection. Bond graph-based hybrid system mode identification as well as the determination of adaptive fault thresholds is illustrated by application to a power electronic system easy to survey. Some simulation results have been analytically validated.
Bond graph modelling
(2006)
Oft wird die Gewinnung von Gastärzten aus dem Ausland als Möglichkeit zur kurz- und mittelfristigen Deckung des Ärztebedarfs in Kliniken in Erwägung gezogen. Die hohen Anforderungen von Landesprüfungsämtern, Arbeitsagenturen, Ausländerbehörden und Botschaften erweisen sich sowohl für Ärzte als auch Kliniken als schwer überwindbare Hürden. Insbesondere Sprachschwierigkeiten sowie mangelhafte fachliche und kulturelle Kenntnisse der internationalen Ärzte sind ohne professionelle Unterstützung kaum zu kompensieren.
People are getting older because of the demographic changes and the rate of disabled people is also going up. This article shows the challenge for BPMTool developer due to these circumstances. It illustrates how these changes impact the usage of BPM-Tools based on an Evaluation of an exemplary BPMTool (Cooper & Patterson, 2007) in terms of IT-Usability and IT-Accessibility. This evaluation was conducted in a research laboratory at the university.
Ein Projektvertrag bietet den Geschäftspartnern rechtliche Sicherheit. Häufig wird er von Anwälten aufgesetzt. Insbesondere in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen ist es aber auch oft der Projektleiter, der den Vertrag formuliert. Prof. Dr. Uwe Braehmer erklärt, unter welchen Bedingungen man einen Vertrag ohne juristische Beratung erstellen kann und liefert eine Checkliste mit den Regelungen, die ein Vertrag enthalten sollte.