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3D Printers as Sociable Technologies: Taking Appropriation Infrastructures to the Internet of Things
(2017)
From video games to mobile augmented reality, 3D interaction is everywhere. But simply choosing to use 3D input or 3D displays isn't enough: 3D user interfaces (3D UIs) must be carefully designed for optimal user experience. 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is today's most comprehensive primary reference to building outstanding 3D UIs. Four pioneers in 3D user interface research and practice have extensively expanded and updated this book, making it today's definitive source for all things related to state-of-the-art 3D interaction.
A trace of the execution of a concurrent object-oriented program can be displayed in two-dimensions as a diagram of a non-metric finite geometry. The actions of a programs are represented by points, its objects and threads by vertical lines, its transactions by horizontal lines, its communications and resource sharing by sloping arrows, and its partial traces by rectangular figures.
This paper proposes a novel approach to the generation of state equations from a bond graph (BG) of a mode switching linear time invariant model. Fast state transitions are modelled by ideal or non-ideal switches. Fixed causalities are assigned following the Standard Causality Assignment Procedure such that the number of storage elements in integral causality is maximised. A system of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs) is derived from the BG that holds for all system modes. It is distinguished between storage elements with mode independent causality and those that change causality due to switch state changes.
This work presents the analysis of data recorded by an eye tracking device in the course of evaluating a foveated rendering approach for head-mounted displays (HMDs). Foveated rendering methods adapt the image synthesis process to the user’s gaze and exploiting the human visual system’s limitations to increase rendering performance. Especially, foveated rendering has great potential when certain requirements have to be fulfilled, like low-latency rendering to cope with high display refresh rates. This is crucial for virtual reality (VR), as a high level of immersion, which can only be achieved with high rendering performance and also helps to reduce nausea, is an important factor in this field. We put things in context by first providing basic information about our rendering system, followed by a description of the user study and the collected data. This data stems from fixation tasks that subjects had to perform while being shown fly-through sequences of virtual scenes on an HMD. These fixation tasks consisted of a combination of various scenes and fixation modes. Besides static fixation targets, moving tar- gets on randomized paths as well as a free focus mode were tested. Using this data, we estimate the precision of the utilized eye tracker and analyze the participants’ accuracy in focusing the displayed fixation targets. Here, we also take a look at eccentricity-dependent quality ratings. Comparing this information with the users’ quality ratings given for the displayed sequences then reveals an interesting connection between fixation modes, fixation accuracy and quality ratings.
Das vorgestellte Buch ist kein Lehrbuch im eigentlichen Sinne. Aus Vorlesungsskripten entstanden, verfolgt es das Ziel, den Studenten der Wirtschaftswissenschaften an Fachhochschulen und Universitäten eine systematische, auf das Wesentliche konzentrierte Lernhilfe mit Übungen zur Vorbereitung auf Prüfungen im Fach „externes Rechnungswesen“ anzubieten. Hierzu wird zunächst auf die Rechnungslegung im handelsrechtlichen Jahresabschluss eingegangen. Dabei wurden die Änderungen durch das Bilanzrichtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetz (BilRUG) berücksichtigt. Die Vorgehensweise folgt dabei mit Ansatz, Ausweis und Bewertung der einzelnen Posten der Systematik der Aufstellung des Jahresabschlusses.
Abstandsmeßsystem
(2017)
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Insektenabwehrvorrichtung (1) zur Abwehr kriechender Insekten (2) umfassend eine Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) zur Erzeugung einer Abwehrspannung sowie umfassend zumindest zwei nebeneinander angeordnete und beabstandet zueinander verlaufende blanke elektrische Leiter (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), die derart mit der Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) verbunden sind, dass die Abwehrspannung zwischen ihnen liegt. Die elektrischen Leiter sind als flache Leiterbahnen (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) auf oder in der Oberfläche eines gemeinsamen Trägers (12, 13, 50, 60) ausgebildet, so dass ein Insekt (2) bei einem Berühren der Leiterbahnen (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) einen elektrischen Schlag erhält.
The detection of human skin in images is a very desirable feature for applications such as biometric face recognition, which is becoming more frequently used for, e.g., automated border or access control. However, distinguishing real skin from other materials based on imagery captured in the visual spectrum alone and in spite of varying skin types and lighting conditions can be dicult and unreliable. Therefore, spoofing attacks with facial disguises or masks are still a serious problem for state of the art face recognition algorithms. This dissertation presents a novel approach for reliable skin detection based on spectral remission properties in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrum and proposes a cross-modal method that enhances existing solutions for face verification to ensure the authenticity of a face even in the presence of partial disguises or masks. Furthermore, it presents a reference design and the necessary building blocks for an active multispectral camera system that implements this approach, as well as an in-depth evaluation. The system acquires four-band multispectral images within T = 50ms. Using a machine-learning-based classifier, it achieves unprecedented skin detection accuracy, even in the presence of skin-like materials used for spoofing attacks. Paired with a commercial face recognition software, the system successfully rejected all evaluated attempts to counterfeit a foreign face.
In diesem Artikel wird darüber berichtet, ob die Glaubwürdigkeit von Avataren als mögliches Modulationskriterium für die virtuelle Expositionstherapie von Agoraphobie in Frage kommt. Dafür werden mehrere Glaubwürdigkeitsstufen für Avatare, die hypothetisch einen Einfluss auf die virtuelle Expositionstherapie von Agoraphobie haben könnten sowie ein potentielles Expositionsszenario entwickelt. Die Arbeit kann innerhalb einer Studie einen signifikanten Einfluss der Glaubwürdigkeitsstufen auf Präsenz, Kopräsenz und Realismus aufzeigen.
A new method for design space exploration and optimization, Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL), is presented. Inspired by robotics techniques designed to produce diverse repertoires of behaviors for use in damage recovery, SAIL produces diverse designs that vary according to features specified by the designer. By producing high-performing designs with varied combinations of user-defined features a map of the design space is created. This map illuminates the relationship between the chosen features and performance, and can aid designers in identifying promising design concepts. SAIL is designed for use with compu-tationally expensive design problems, such as fluid or structural dynamics, and integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of function evaluations required. On a 2D airfoil optimization problem SAIL is shown to produce hundreds of diverse designs which perform competitively with those found by state-of-the-art black box optimization. Its capabilities are further illustrated in a more expensive 3D aerodynamic optimization task.
Current global challenges such as climate change, lack of resources, desertification, land degradation as well as loss of biodiversity can ultimately be due to human actions. Reasons are excessive production and consumption of goods and services, along with using and consuming natural resources, causing emissions and waste products. Demand in the form of consumption and supply in the form of production are closely intertwined.
An Experimental Field-Study on Active and Passive Work Breaks in a Stressful Work Environment
(2017)
Work breaks are known to have positive effects on employees’ health, performance, and safety. However, prior research has focused mainly on their timing, duration, and frequency but less on break activities. Moreover, most studies examined work breaks in rather repetitive and physical demanding work. Thus, we conducted an experimental field study with a sample of employees’ working in a stressful and cognitive demanding working environment and examined how different types of work breaks (boxing, deep relaxation, and usual breaks) affect participants’ mood, cognitive performance, and neuro-physiological state.
Climate change is having drastic effects on various areas of the planet, including extreme impacts on weather and rainfall, in various Sub-Saharan East African countries (Hendrix, C. S., & Glaser, S. M. (2007). The willingness (and need) of a niche market to actively improve the damaged ecosystems in small ways is rising. Weaver and Lawton (2007, p 1170) maintain that ecotourism should satisfy three core criteria: "(1) attractions should be predominantly nature-based; (2) visitor interactions with those attractions should be focused on learning or education, and (3) experience and product management should follow principles and practices associated with ecological, socio-cultural and economic sustainability." In this study, the niche market of active German "tree-planters" is to be defined and the potential willingness to travel to, learn from and invest in the ecosystem through tree-planting, specifically in Kenya, is explored.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate and optimize the camera system which is used for Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS) measurement systems. Theoretical considerations about the integration of interference filters explain state-of-the-art accuracy limitations. Based on that promising modifications of the established FRS system are presented: test results indicate that frequency fringes - artifacts distorting FRS scans - are minimized by positioning the spectral bandpass filter between camera and first lens. As a tradeoff, the signal level decreases by 70 % to 75% depending on the beam path through the molecular filter. Furthermore, reference measurements without a bandpass filter account for a non-negligible iodine fluorescence background of about 1% of typical signal levels. All things considered following these results FRS systems can now be systematically optimized towards specific measurement tasks.
Das Cutting sticks-Problem ist in seiner allgemeinen Formulierung ein NP-vollständiges Problem mit Anwendungspotenzialen im Bereich der Logistik. Unter der Annahme, dass P ungleich NP (P != NP) ist, existieren keine effizienten, d.h. polynomiellen Algorithmen zur Lösung des allgemeinen Problems.
In diesem Papier werden Ansätze aufgezeigt, mit denen bestimmte Instanzen des Problems effizient berechnet werden können. Für die Berechnung wichtige Parameter werden charakterisiert und deren Beziehung untereinander analysiert.
Populating virtual worlds with intelligent agents can drastically improve a user's sense of presence. Applying these worlds to virtual training, simulations, or (serious) games, often requires multiple agents to be simulated in real time. The process of generating believable agent behavior starts with providing a plausible perception and attention process that is both efficient and controllable. We describe a conceptual framework for synthetic perception that specifically considers the mentioned requirements: plausibility, real-time performance, and controllability. A sample implementation will focus on sensing, attention, and memory to demonstrate the framework's capabilities in a real-time game engine scenario. A combination of dynamic geometric sensing and false coloring with static saliency information is provided to exemplify the collection of environmental stimuli. The subsequent attention process handles both bottom-up processing and task-oriented, top-down factors. Behavioral results can be influenced by controlling memory and attention The example case is demonstrated and discussed alongside future extensions.
Das autonome Fahren wird die Mobilität revolutionieren. Um die Auswirkung der Vollautomation auf dieEigenschaften der Verkehrsmittel und die Präferenzen der Nutzer besser zu verstehen, haben wir dieNutzenwerte neuen Verkehrsmodi im Vergleich zu den bestehenden Verkehrsmodi analysiert und imRahmen einer Online-Umfrage von potentiellen Nutzern in Form eines vollständigen Paarvergleichsbewerten lassen. Die Studie zeigt, dass der Privat-PKW, unabhängig davon ob traditionell odervollautomatisiert, zwar nach wie vor das präferierte Verkehrsmittel ist, im direkten Vergleich das Carsharingjedoch viel stärker von der Vollautomation profitiert. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass dasvollautomatisierte Carsharing verstärkt in Konkurrenz zum ÖPNV tritt.
Die demografische Entwicklung spielt für Immobilieninvestoren eine große Rolle. Schließlich entscheidet die zukünftige Anzahl der Nutzer über die Nachfrage. Im Büroimmobilienmarkt ist daher vor allem die Anzahl der Bürobeschäftigten relevant, die sich wiederum aus dem Erwerbspersonenpotenzial ableitet. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Bürobeschäftigung und zur demografischen Entwicklung lassen sich die demografischen Perspektiven für den Büromarkt bis zum Jahr 2035 ableiten. Deutschlandweit ist nach einem kurzfristigen Anstieg mit einer Stagnation der Büronachfrage zu rechnen. In den Großstädten wird dagegen die Nachfrage weiter steigen. Vor allem in München und Berlin legt die Nachfrage kräftig zu, je nach Szenario zwischen 12 und 18 Prozent. In Düsseldorf, Hamburg und Frankfurt am Main liegen die Zuwächse dagegen zwischen 6 und 9 Prozent bis 2035. Im Vergleich zum Wohnungsmarkt sind die demografischen Perspektiven für den Büromarkt jedoch insgesamt schlechter, da die Anzahl der Erwerbspersonen langsamer wächst als die Gesamtbevölkerung. Zudem müssen bei langfristigen Betrachtungen auch mögliche Verschiebungen der Nachfrage, etwa durch die Digitalisierung, beachtet werden. Gerade in Kombination mit dem zunehmenden Fachkräftemangel können heutige Büroarbeitsplätze durch Verlagerungen ins Ausland oder durch Automatisierung wegfallen.
This paper presents the b-it-bots RoboCup@Work team and its current hardware and functional architecture for the KUKA youBot robot. We describe the underlying software framework and the developed capabilities required for operating in industrial environments including features such as reliable and precise navigation, flexible manipulation and robust object recognition.
Enterprises demand universities not to limit education to theoretical knowledge, but instead, to prepare students for future challenges in the job. While demanding a focus on current technologies and practices appears reasonable, it contradicts academia’s general focus on sustainable knowledge. This “conflict-ofinterest” can be bridged through extra-curricular professional training. MOOCs are hyped as solution because they allow to simultaneously addressing masses of students. However, with the increasing number of learners, anonymity in education increases and first-level support decreases. Within the extracurricular online program erp4students we found that individual support is considered most relevant to successfully complete professional training.
Big Data für Entscheider
(2017)
Andreas Gadatsch und Holm Landrock zeigen an typischen Beispielen aus der Praxis, wie datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle entstehen. Sie erläutern, wie sich Big-Data-Projekte rechnen und wie man am einfachsten an die Analyse großer Datenmengen herangeht. Eine Bewertung der zentralen Aspekte von Projekten und der dort eingesetzten Technologien erleichtert den Lesern die tägliche Praxis im IT-Management. Die Autoren stellen Hadoop als eine der wichtigen Big-Data-Technologien vor.
Blended Learning Set up of the Master Programme "Analysis and Design of Social Protection Systems"
(2017)
The master's programme "Analysis and Design of Social Protection Systems" is a newly designed programme. The international Master’s programme is aimed at students who wish to deal with social security systems and who are also interested in intercultural exchange. The on-campus and online phases provide students with the opportunity to develop an international network, while facilitating the combination of studies and professional engagement.
This book presents theory and latest application work in Bond Graph methodology with a focus on:
Hybrid dynamical system models, Model-based fault diagnosis, model-based fault tolerant control, fault prognosis and also addresses Open thermodynamic systems with compressible fluid flow, and Distributed parameter models of mechanical subsystems.
In addition, the book covers various applications of current interest ranging from motorised wheelchairs, in-vivo surgery robots, walking machines to wind-turbines.The up-to-date presentation has been made possible by experts who are active members of the worldwide bond graph modelling community.
This book is the completely revised 2nd edition of the 2011 Springer compilation text titled Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems – Theory, Applications and Software Support. It extends the presentation of theory and applications of graph methodology by new developments and latest research results.
Like the first edition, this book addresses readers in academia as well as practitioners in industry and invites experts in related fields to consider the potential and the state-of-the-art of bond graph modelling.
Recently, we discovered a cholinergic mechanism that inhibits the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by human monocytes via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) composed of alpha 7, alpha 9 and/or alpha 10 subunits. Furthermore, we identified phosphocholine (PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as novel nicotinic agonists that elicit metabotropic activity at monocytic nAChR. Interestingly, PC does not provoke ion channel responses at conventional nAChRs composed of subunits alpha 9 and alpha 10. The purpose of this study is to determine the composition of nAChRs necessary for nicotinic signaling in monocytic cells and to test the hypothesis that common metabolites of phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and glycerophosphocholine (G-PC), function as nAChR agonists. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nAChR gene-deficient mice, we demonstrated that inhibition of ATP-dependent release of IL-1 beta by acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine and PC depends on subunits alpha 7, alpha 9 and alpha 10. Using a panel of nAChR antagonists and siRNA technology, we confirmed the involvement of these subunits in the control of IL-1 beta release in the human monocytic cell line U937. Furthermore, we showed that LPC (C16:0) and G-PC efficiently inhibit ATP-dependent release of IL-1 beta. Of note, the inhibitory effects mediated by LPC and G-PC depend on nAChR subunits alpha 9 and alpha 10, but only to a small degree on alpha 7. In Xenopus laevis oocytes heterologously expressing different combinations of human alpha 7, alpha 9 or alpha 10 subunits, ACh induced canonical ion channel activity, whereas LPC, G-PC and PC did not. In conclusion, we demonstrate that canonical nicotinic agonists and PC elicit metabotropic nAChR activity in monocytes via interaction of nAChR subunits alpha 7, alpha 9 and alpha 10. For the metabotropic signaling of LPC and G-PC, nAChR subunits alpha 9 and alpha 10 are needed, whereas alpha 7 is virtually dispensable. Furthermore, molecules bearing a PC group in general seem to regulate immune functions without perturbing canonical ion channel functions of nAChR.
An increased bronchoconstrictor response is a hallmark in the progression of obstructive airway diseases. Acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) are the major bronchoconstrictors. There is evidence that both cholinergic and serotonergic signaling in airway smooth muscle (ASM) involve caveolae. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 (cav-1), a structural protein of caveolae, plays an important regulatory role in ASM contraction. We analyzed airway contraction in different tracheal segments and extra-and intrapulmonary bronchi in cav-1 deficient (cav-1-/-) and wild-type mice using organ bath recordings and videomorphometry of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) treated and non-treated precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). The presence of caveolae was investigated by electron microscopy. Receptor subtypes driving 5-HT-responses were studied by RT-PCR and videomorphometry after pharmacological inhibition with ketanserin. Cav-1 was present in tracheal epithelium and ASM. Muscarine induced a dose dependent contraction in all airway segments. A significantly higher Emax was observed in the caudal trachea. Although, caveolae abundancy was largely reduced in cav-1-/- mice, muscarine-induced airway contraction was maintained, albeit at diminished potency in the middle trachea, in the caudal trachea and in the bronchus without changes in the maximum efficacy. MCD-treatment of PLCS from cav-1-/- mice reduced cholinergic constriction by about 50%, indicating that cholesterol-rich plasma domains account for a substantial portion of the muscarine-induced bronchoconstriction. Notably, cav-1-deficiency fully abrogated 5-HT-induced contraction of extrapulmonary airways. In contrast, 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction was fully maintained in cav-1-deficient intrapulmonary bronchi, but desensitization upon repetitive stimulation was enhanced. RT-PCR analysis revealed 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors as the most prevalent subtypes in the airways. The 5-HT-induced-constriction in PCLS could be antagonized by ketanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor inhibitor. In conclusion, the role of cav-1, caveolae, and cholesterol-rich plasma domains in regulation of airway tone are highly agonist-specific and dependent on airway level. Cav-1 is indispensable for serotonergic contraction of extrapulmonary airways and modulates cholinergic constriction of the trachea and main bronchus. Thus, cav-1/caveolae shall be considered in settings such as bronchial hyperreactivity in common airway diseases and might provide an opportunity for modulation of the constrictor response.
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite all the progress made in treating multiple myeloma, it still remains an incurable disease. Patients are left with a median survival of 4-5 years. The combined treatment of multiple myeloma with histone deacetylase inhibitors and cytokine-induced killer cells provides a promising targeted treatment option for patients. This study investigated the impact of a combined treatment compared to treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors. The experiments revealed that a treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could reduce cell viability to 59% for KMS 18 cell line and 46% for the U-266 cell line. The combined treatment led to a decrease of cell viability to 33% for KMS 18 and 27% for the U-266 cell line, thus showing a significantly better efficacy than the single treatment.
Comparación de perfiles de ansiedad matemática entre estudiantes mexicanos y estudiantes alemanes
(2017)
Se determinan los perfiles de ansiedad matemática de estudiantes mexicanos y estudiantes alemanes por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario desarrollado ex profeso. La ansiedad matemática se define en términos de tres descriptores: creencias, actitudes y emociones. Los autores definen un Índice de Ansiedad Matemática, al aplicarlo encuentran que los estudiantes alemanes presentan un valor mayor de dicho Índice, lo que significa que tienen una mayor nivel de ansiedad matemática. Las diferencias en los valores del Índice de Ansiedad Matemática se interpretan en términos de diferencias culturales. La interpretación parece ser consistente con las diferencias culturales y se ajusta a los resultados obtenidos.
Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen – Benutzerzentrierte Entwurfsansätze der Usable Security-Forschung
(2017)
Der dritte und letzte Teil der Artikel-Serie in dieser Ausgabe zum Thema Usable Security zeigt exemplarisch, wie Softwareentwickler mit den im Rahmen des USecureD-Projekts entwickelten Werkzeugen arbeiten können. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich dabei auf Prinzipien, Richtlinien und Patterns, die bei der Ausgestaltung gebrauchstauglicher Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen berücksichtigt werden sollten. Anhand dieser sehr ubiquitären Bestandteile eines jeden digitalen Produkts kann anschaulich gezeigt werden, wie aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Usable Security praxisnah für Softwarearchitekturen und Programmierer verfügbar und anwendbar gemacht werden können.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are engine of economy both for developed and developing countries. They play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality. In Burundi, key stakeholders such as policy-makers as well as other international and national actors have made more effort to develop the segment of SMEs. Indeed, many start-ups have been created but are however, exposed to several challenges in their business operations. This paper aimed at investigating main critical barriers to SMEs growth and development in Burundi. The research was based upon a sample survey of small firms in Burundi and 314 small enterprises were surveyed. Rural start-ups’ critical barriers identified are mainly poor management, lack of access to market flow, lack of working capital, inadequate qualified workforce and low selling prices. On the other hand, five severe obstacles for urban SMEs identified are insecurity, access to financing, macroeconomic situation, lack of customers and unfair competition. A better understanding of all these barriers that SMEs are facing is useful to set up best strategies susceptible to increase their growth.
Controlling und Leadership
(2017)
Nach der aktuellen Managementliteratur reicht es nicht mehr aus, ein Unternehmen „nur“ zu führen. Von Führungskräften wird heute auch „Leadership“ verlangt und somit Eigenschaften wie Berufung, Vision und Entscheidungsfreude, die über das Beherrschen von mechanistischen Führungstechniken hinausgehen. Der Manager kontrolliert, verwaltet und rationalisiert, während der Leader vertraut, inspiriert und innoviert. Im Fokus stehen die folgenden Fragen: Ist der ideale CFO eher methodischer Manager als visionärer Business Leader? Erfordern Familienunternehmen eher innovatives Financial Leadership und börsennotierte Konzerne und öffentliche Unternehmen eher instrumentelles Finanzmanagement? Geben Industrie 4.0, Big Data und Business Intelligence sowie Controlling-Shared-Services zukünftig Raum für mehr Leadership? Wie verändert dies die zukünftigen Aufgaben und notwendigen Kompetenzen von Controllern?
Controlling und Leadership: Überlegungen im Kontext der Unternehmensnachfolge in Familienunternehmen
(2017)
In Africa slowly but steadily a transformation is taking place in the management styles of enterprises. There is a trend towards more precise time management, more precision in dealing with increasingly sophisticated technology, more feedback from the bottom to the top in order to manage the processes properly, more professionalism and independence of the individual worker.
This contribution makes two points: first, neither cultures nor the so-called mental states of individuals are ever static, but always on the move. Second, the force of passion and inspiration by which particular cultural values are endorsed in a particular context makes all the difference in their impact.
The importance of these two propositions comes to the fore, if the concept of an “economic culture” is taken into consideration. The claim of the authors is that the ongoing cultural transformation can be better understood in the dynamic approach of cultural values as proposed here.
Dare – Democracy and Science
(2017)
The MAP-Elites algorithm produces a set of high-performing solutions that vary according to features defined by the user. This technique to 'illuminate' the problem space through the lens of chosen features has the potential to be a powerful tool for exploring design spaces, but is limited by the need for numerous evaluations. The Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL) algorithm, introduced here, integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of evaluations required by MAP-Elites.
The ability of SAIL to efficiently produce both accurate models and diverse high-performing solutions is illustrated on a 2D airfoil design problem. The search space is divided into bins, each holding a design with a different combination of features. In each bin SAIL produces a better performing solution than MAP-Elites, and requires several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations. The CMA-ES algorithm was used to produce an optimal design in each bin: with the same number of evaluations required by CMA-ES to find a near-optimal solution in a single bin, SAIL finds solutions of similar quality in every bin.
Andreas Gadatsch schließt mit dem vorliegenden essential eine Lücke in einführenden Werken zur Datenmodellierung. Diese Modelle gehören zum Basiswissen einführender Lehrveranstaltungen zur Wirtschaftsinformatik für Betriebswirte. Die Literatur dazu ist für diese Zielgruppe häufig zu speziell, da sie sich eher an Informatiker richtet. Der Autor bietet hier nun eine kompakte Einführung anhand eines durchgängigen Fallbeispiels in die klassische CHEN-Notation, auf der viele neue Modellierungsansätze aufbauen. Der Inhalt Die Datenmodellierung - vom Konzept zur Datenbank Erstellung von Fachkonzepten mit dem Entity-Relationship-Modell Erstellung von IT-Konzepten mit dem relationalen Datenmodell Implementierung von Datenmodellen in Datenbanksystemen Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der BWL, angehende IT-Systemkaufleute und Fachinformatikerinnen und -informatiker (IHK), die im Rahmen von Studium bzw. Ausbildung eine Einführungsveranstaltung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik besuchen.
The technological development of the digital computer and new options to collect, store and transfer mass data have changed the world in the last 40 years. Moreover, due to the ongoing progress of computer power, the establishment of the Internet as critical infrastructure and the options of ubiquitous sensor systems will have a dramatic impact on economies and societies in the future. We give a brief overview about the technological basics especially with regard to the exponential growth of big data and current turn towards sensor-based data collection. From this stance, we reconsider the various dimensions of personal data and and market mechanisms that have an impact of data usage and protection.
Gender disproportions have been part and parcel of most African cultures since time immemorial. Demographically, women are over a half population in most of the African countries but their participation in sectors of socio-economic and political spheres have remained inadequately represented. The enduring and biased beliefs on gender roles that view women much less important as compared to men are what forms the basis of concern to the welfare of women and most importantly the women entrepreneurs. This study reveals the long-standing cultural practices that have contributed to gender inequality and goes further to demystify areas in which women have continually experienced inequality and thus affecting their entrepreneurial spirit. Through the desk research methodology, it can be deduced that the following are key areas that pause a threat to women socio-economic and political development and hence the inequality being experienced even today in the twenty first century: harmful marriage, female genital mutilation, wife inheritance and HIV scourge, access to land including land rights and right to property, over-emphasizing patriarchal system of family, and gender violence. These factors compounded together, have resulted for unfortunate experiences that have been witnessed in the education sector, political participation, participation in policy making, gender division of labour and inaccess to credit facility. These experiences have severely thwarted entrepreneurial growth of women. The study therefore recommends that there is imperative need for a paradigm shift in these areas to ensure women are not only liberated and empowered but also their full participation in the entrepreneurship activities are highly strengthened and promoted.
The non-farm sector is critical for the socio-economic development of Ghana especially the rural poor. Literature suggest that people engage in non-farm enterprises as a way out of poverty or a survival strategy, perhaps as a substitute for the landless. This paper analyses the determinants of individual participation in non-farm enterprises and the intensity of participation. The paper uses EGC/ISSER Socio-Economic Panel Survey data collected in 2009. The paper estimated the determinants of participation using a probit model and then estimated the intensity of participation using a truncated regression model. The results indicate that majority of women (about 73%) are engaged in non-farm enterprises in rural Ghana. The study found that females tended to participate more in non-farm self-employment and are less likely to participate in non-farm wage employment. The results further showed that individual characteristics such as the gender of the individual, being head of a household, being the spouse of a household head, having formal education, age of the individual, having access to credit, possessing a mobile phone, per capita landing holding and ownership of livestock influenced the participation of individuals in self-and wage employment. Results from truncated regression model for self-employed enterprises showed that having access to mobile phones, owning more livestock and electricity are important in determining the intensity of participation in self-employed enterprises. For wage-employment, being a household head, spouse of household head, having access to mobile phone and owning more livestock increased the number of days working on wage employment. Education is relevant for employment in the non-farm sector especially wage-employment. Government should play a lead role in making formal education accessible to the rural people. Deliberate policies should focus on addressing critical factors such as access to credit, mobile phone, electricity and education which are relevant for increasing participation intensity in rural enterprises.
A device includes an input to sequential data associated to a face; a predictor configured to predict facial parameters; and a corrector configured to correct the predicted facial parameters on the basis of input data, the input data containing geometric measurements and other information. A related method and a related computer program are also disclosed.
Do remittances and social assistance transfers have different impacts on household’s expenditure patterns? While two separate strands of literature have looked at how social assistance or remittances have been spent, few studies have compared them directly. Using data from a household survey conducted in Moldova in 2011, this paper assesses the impact both types of transfers have on household expenditure patterns. Contrary to the common assumption that money is fungible, we find that social assistance and remittances have different impacts on expenditure patterns (having controlled for potential endogeneity). In other words, where the income comes from can determine how it is spent. As such, different sources of income may have different poverty impacts. In our sample, the two types of transfers are received by different, but slightly overlapping population groups. The fact that the two transfers are spent in different ways means that, to some extent, social assistance and remittances are complements rather than substitutes.
Entrepreneurship education serves a conduit for new venture creation as it provides the knowledge and skills needed to increase the self-efficacy of individuals to start and run new businesses and to grow existing ones. This study, therefore, sought to assess the relationship between the approaches to the teaching of entrepreneur-ship and entrepreneurial intention on a cohort of 292 respondents consisting of students who have studied entrepreneurship in three selected Universities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data randomly from students. The canonical correlation results indicate that education for and through entrepreneurship is the best approach to promoting entrepreneurial intensity among University students, if the aim of teaching entrepreneur-ship is to promote start-up activities. The findings provide valuable insights for institutions of higher learning and policy makers in Ghana with respect to the appropriate methodologies to be adopted in the teaching of entrepreneurship in our universities.
"Bad usability equals no customer" – Mit diesem Zitat bringt Jakob Nielsen die große Bedeutung guter Usability auf den Punkt. Auch wenn Nielsen kommerzielle Unternehmen im Auge hat, so lässt sich auch für Bibliotheken die Relevanz ihres Webauftritts für den Kontakt zu ihren Benutzern oder potentiellen Benutzern nicht leugnen. In diesem Artikel soll dargestellt werden, wie Bibliotheken mit Hilfe von Usability-Tests die Schwächen ihres Webauftritts ermitteln können.
Als weltweit anspruchsvollstes Umweltmanagementsystem trägt EMAS auf Unternehmensebene als Baustein zur Nachhaltigen Entwicklung bei. EMAS ist ein Instrument der Europäischen Union, an dem Organisationen, unabhängig von ihrer Größe und Branche, weltweit auf freiwilliger Basis teilnehmen können. Die geplante EMAS-Validierung der UN-Klimakonferenz (COP 23) in Bonn (06. – 17.11.2017), hat das Interesse der Projektkoordination von „Sustainable Bonn – Konferenzort der Nachhaltigkeit“ geweckt, die EMAS-Einführung bei deren Projektteilnehmern untersuchen zu lassen. Daher liegt der Branchenfokus auf dem Gastgewerbe, aus denen die derzeitigen Teilnehmer des Bonner Projekts überwiegend stammen. Um Branchenspezifika bei EMAS besser zu berücksichtigen hat die Europäische Kommission im April 2016 hat ein Referenzdokument über bewährte Umweltmanagementpraktiken zur Steigerung der Öko-Effektivität mit einschlägigen Indikatoren zur Messung der Umweltleistung mit Richtwerten für die Tourismusbranche veröffentlicht, die im Rahmen einer EMAS-Einführung unter anderem von Gastgewerbebetrieben berücksichtigt werden müssen.