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Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) should, on the one hand, provide theoretical and practical knowledge to students and, on the other hand, make valuable contributions to theoretical knowledge and provide new insights by means of research. However, HEIs have to face changing and increasing demands with respect to what they are expected to achieve. Education and research issues are no longer enough, what matters today is the so called “third mission”. A specific example for implementing a third mission is the cooperation between HEIs and business incubators. With this in mind, a local consortium consisting of regional HEIs, e.g. Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, as well as public and private institutions and partners initiated and established an incubator hub for the region Bonn/Rhein-Sieg in 2016, called “Digital Hub Region Bonn”. This conference contribution reports on our experience with regards to this cooperation approach resulting from the above- mentioned case. Furthermore the pros and cons as well as some issues of this kind of cooperation will be discussed. Last but not least this paper initiates the opportunity to share and compare the experiences of other university business incubators in Africa as well as in Germany. As we will describe, the financial investment of HEIs in a joint-incubator with other public as well as private partners offers substantial benefits, such as mutual know-how transfer from HEIs to the economy and vice versa. This strengthens entrepreneurial mindsets and activities and contributes to the development and growth of the local economy. Consequently, this cooperation sometimes creates challenges at various levels, for example due to differing interests between HEIs and business partners. This conference contribution offers approaches to solve these issues and to support private public partnership in business incubation.
Trust is the lubricant of the sharing economy. This is true especially in peer-to-peer carsharing, in which one leaves a highly valuable good to a stranger in the hope of getting it back unscathed. Nowadays, ratings of other users are major mechanisms for establishing trust. To foster uptake of peer-to-peer carsharing, connected car technology opens new possibilities to support trust-building, e.g., by adding driving behavior statistics to users' profiles. However, collecting such data intrudes into rentees' privacy. To explore the tension between the need for trust and privacy demands, we conducted three focus group and eight individual interviews. Our results show that connected car technologies can increase trust for car owners and rentees not only before but also during and after rentals. The design of such systems must allow a differentiation between information in terms of type, the context, and the negotiability of information disclosure.
Over the past two decades many low and middle income countries worldwide have started to extend the coverage and improve the functioning of public social protection systems. The research program on international policy diffusion provides empirical evidence that apart from domestic factors international interdependencies matter as well for national policy change in social protection. However, little is known about the governance structures mediating international policy diffusion in social protection.
Digitisation has brought a major upheaval to the mobility sector, and in the future, self-driving cars will probably be one of the transport modes. This study extends transport and user acceptance research by analysing in greater depth how the new modes of autonomous private cars, autonomous carsharing and autonomous taxis fit into the existing traffic mix from today's perspective. It focuses on accounting for relative added value. For this purpose, user preference theory was used as a base for an online survey (n=172) on the relative added value of the new autonomous traffic modes. Results show that users see advantages in the autonomous modes for driving comfort and time utilization whereas, in comparison to conventional cars, in many other areas – especially in terms of driving pleasure and control – they see no advantages or even relative disadvantages. Compared to public transport, the autonomous modes offer added values in almost all characteristics. This analysis at the partwor th level provides a more detailed explanation for user acceptance of automated driving.
The corporate landscape is experiencing an increasing change in business models due to digitization. An increasing availability of data along the business processes enhance the opportunities for process automation. Technologies such as Robotic Process Automation (RPA) are widely used for business process optimization, but as a side effect an increase in stand-alone solutions and a lack of holistic approaches can be observed. Intelligent Process Automation (IPA) is said to support more complex processes and enable automated decision-making, but due to the lack of connectors makes the implementation difficult. RPA marketplaces can be a bridging technology to help companies implement Intelligent Process Automation. This paper explores the drivers and challenges for the adoption of RPA marketplaces to realize IPA. For this purpose, we conducted ten expert interviews with decision makers and IT staff from the process automation sector.
Smart heating systems are one of the core components of smart homes. A large portion of domestic energy consumption is derived from HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) systems, making them a relevant topic of the efforts to support an energy transition in private housing. For that reason, the technology has attracted attention both from the academic and the industry communities. User interfaces of smart heating systems have evolved from simple adjusting knobs to advanced data visualization interfaces, that allow for more advanced setting such as time tables and status information. With the advent of AI, we are interested in exploring how the interfaces will be evolving to build the connection between user needs and underlying AI system. Hence, this paper is targeted to provide early design implications towards an AI-based user interface for smart heating systems.
Smart home systems are becoming an integral feature of the emerging home IT market. Under this general term, products mainly address issues of security, energy savings and comfort. Comprehensive systems that cover several use cases are typically operated and managed via a unified dashboard. Unfortunately, research targeting user experience (UX) design for smart home interaction that spans several use cases or covering the entire system is scarce. Furthermore, existing comprehensive and user-centered longterm studies on challenges and needs throughout phases of information collection, installation and operation of smart home systems are technologically outdated. Our 18-month Living Lab study covering 14 households equipped with smart home technology provides insights on how to design for improving smart home appropriation. This includes a stronger sensibility for household practices during setup and configuration, flexible visualizations for evolving demands and an extension of smart home beyond the location.
Sustainable development needs sustainable production and sustainable consumption. During the last decades the encouragement of sustainable production has been the focus of research and policy makers under the implicit assumption that the observable increasing ‘green’ values of consumers would also entail a growing sustainable consumption. However, it has been found that the actual purchasing behaviour often deviates from ‘green’ attitudes. This phenomenon is called the attitude-behaviour gap. It is influenced by individual, social and situational factors. The main purchasing barriers for sustainable (organic) food are price, lack of immediate availability, sensory criteria, lack or overload of information as well as the low-involvement feature of food products in conjunction with well-established consumption routines, lack of transparency and trust towards labels and certifications.
Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie
(2019)
Eine Herausforderung bei der Implementierung des industriellen Internet of Things (IIoT) besteht darin, Mehrwerte in Wertschöpfungsketten zu identifizieren, um darauf aufbauend Lösungen nutzerzentriert zu gestalten. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Forschungsprojekt FreshIndex vor, bei dem diese Herausforderung durch eine Kombination aus Stakeholder-Analyse und User-Centered-Design-Methoden adressiert wurde. Ziel des Projekts ist es, eine IIoT-basierte Lösung zum Monitoring der Kühlkette in der Lebensmittelindustrie zu entwickeln. Hierzu ist es wichtig zu wissen, welche Nutzer/-innen mit den Daten in Berührung kommen und welche Erfahrungen, Fähigkeiten, Anforderungen und Wünsche sie mitbringen. Die Berücksichtigung dieser Aspekte ist relevant für den Erfolg der Konzeption, Implementierung und des Betriebs eines IIoT-Systems. So können nützliche und handhabbare Produktideen generiert und Anwendungen gestaltet werden, die von Mitarbeiter/-innen und Konsument/-innen angenommen werden. IIoT schließt somit die lokale Verwendbarkeit von Daten entlang der Wertschöpfungskette ein und beschränkt sich nicht auf zentrale Verfügbarkeit von Daten.
There has been increasing interest in designing for dementia in recent years. Empirical investigation is now needed of the long-term role of caregivers in appropriating ICTs into the complex daily life of people with dementia (PwD). We present here the outcomes of a 4-month evaluation of the individual, social and institutional impact of a videogame-based training system. The everyday behavior and interactions of 52 PwD and 25 caregivers was studied qualitatively, focusing on the role played by caregivers in integrating the system into daily routines. Our results indicate that the successful appropriation of ICT for PwD depends partly on the physical, cognitive and social benefits for PwD, but especially on the added value perceived by their social care-network. We discuss the need for design in dementia to develop more socially embedded innovations that can address the social actors involved and thus contribute to practical solutions for professional and private care.
Sind kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) bereits auf die Digitale Transformation vorbereitet?
(2018)
Eine von den Autoren durchgeführte Untersuchung konnte deutliche Indizien dafür ausmachen, dass viele kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) aktuell noch keine ausreichende Reife zur Digitalen Transformation haben. Zur Lösung des Problems wird vorgeschlagen, ein agiles IT-Management-Konzept zu entwickeln, um den IT-Bereich dynamisch und ohne formalen Ballast des klassischen IT-Managements zu steuern.
Shared Autonomous Vehicles: Potentials for a Sustainable Mobility and Risks of Unintended Effects
(2018)
Automated and connected cars could significantly reduce congestion and emissions through a more efficient flow of traffic and a reduction in the number of vehicles. An increase in demand for driving with autonomous vehicles is also conceivable due to higher comfort and improved quality of time using driverless cars. So far, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is missing. To analyze the influence of autonomous driving on mobility behavior and to uncover user preferences, which serve as an indicator for future travel mode choices, we conducted an online survey with a paired comparison of current and future travel modes with 302 German participants. The results do not confirm the hypothesis that ownership will become an outdated model in the future. Instead they suggest that private cars, whether traditional or fully automated, will remain the preferred travel mode. At the same time, carsharing will benefit from full automation more than private cars. However, findings indicate that the growth of carsharing will mainly be at the expense of public transport, showing that more effort should be placed in making public transportation more attractive if sustainable mobility is to be developed.
In general, mathematics plays a central role in our lives because today mathematics regulates our everyday life with techniques, technologies and procedures, for example coding techniques for credit cards or the drafting of curves and surfaces for construction procedures [5]. Obviously, mathematics continues to be an important element of engineering education and it still represents a major obstacle for the students. Lacking the knowledge of several topics, changing learning behavior and inadequate overall conditions at universities for the repetition of school mathematics were mentioned to be causes for the constantly increasing gap between the initial level of mathematics at university and the prior knowledge of the first semester students [2].
Traditionally automotive UI focusses on the ergonomic design of controls and the user experience in the car. Bringing networked sensors into the car, connected cars can provide additional information to car drivers and owners, for and beyond the driving task. While there already are technological solutions, such as mobile applications commercially available, research on users’ information demands in such applications is scarce. We conducted four focus groups to uncover what kind of information users might be interested in to see on a second dashboard. Our findings show that besides control screens of todays’ dashboards, people are also interested in connected car services providing context information for a current driving situation and allowing strategic planning of driving safety or supporting car management when not driving. Our use cases inform the design of content for secondary dashboards for and especially beyond the driving context with a user perspective.
Since stationary self-checkout is widely introduced and well understood, previous research barely examined newer generations of smartphone-based Scan&Go. Especially from a design perspective, we know little about the factors contributing to the adoption of Scan&Go solutions and how design enables consumers to take full advantage of this development rather than being burdened with using complex and unenjoyable systems. To understand the influencing factors and the design from a consumer perspective, we conducted a mixed-methods study where we triangulated data of an online survey with 103 participants and a qualitative study with 20 participants. Based on the results, our study presents a refined and nuanced understanding of technology as well as infrastructure-related factors that influence adoption. Moreover, we present several implications for designing and implementing of Scan&Go in retail environments.
So far, sustainable HCI has mainly focused on the domestic context, but there is a growing body of work looking at the organizational context. As in the domestic context, these works still rest on psychological theories for behaviour change used for the domestic context. We supplement this view with an organizational theory-informed approach that adopts organizational roles as a key element. We will show how a role-based analysis could be applied to uncover information needs and to give em-ployee’s eco-feedback, which is linked to their tasks at hand. We illustrate the approach on a qualitative case study that was part of a broader, ongoing action research conducted in a German production company.
IT-accessiblity is often treated as an orphan in companies. Even though the proportion of disabled people is substantial and people become older and more susceptible to disabilities. Besides cost factors, companies often do not have a plan how to implement and control IT-accessibility successfully. However, most companies are familiar with IT-maturity frameworks to evaluate and improve their own IT-infrastructure. It would facilitate dealing with IT-accessibility, if IT-maturity frameworks consider IT-accessibility and provide recommendations and solutions for a successful implementation. Therefore, this article conducts a review of an acknowledged IT-maturity framework with regard to its capability to enable implementation of IT-accessibility in an organization. The first part of this article will illustrate the motivation and background for the authors concern with such a topic. Afterwards the authors will introduce the reader to the reviewed IT-maturity framework and provide basic knowledge on IT-accessibility. The main part of the article will deal with the review of the applied IT-maturity framework and outline examples of critical capabilities for successfully implementing IT-accessibility in an organization. The final section will derive implications and close with planned future research activities in this field.
Results from the EU-project iStoppFalls : feasibility, effectiveness, approach for fall prevention
(2016)
Sustainability is a key issue in current research activities and programs. In this conjunction three major functions of research have been identified: Basic research, knowledge reservoirs, and knowledge transfer. With regard to a transmission to the private sector, knowledge transfer is the most important factor. In this process, universities of applied sciences can play an important part as they typically have a long-standing experience in linking science and business in their teaching and research. Another important agent in the process of knowledge transfer are networks and clusters. Their strength lies integrating the different competencies of its partners and using them to a mutual benefit.
The International Centre for Sustainable Development (IZNE) – with a major focus on responsible business and sustainable food – takes the advantage of being part of a University of Applied Sciences (Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, BRSU), and being a member of several regional and international clusters and networks. These co-operations aim to establish and strengthen linkages between science and business, in particular by investigating research needs for business and business relevant research activities. Moreover, IZNE established and expanded regional and international co-operations of its own to get more transparency about regional and international value-added chains in the food sector and the issue of responsible business.
Over the last decades, different kinds of design guides have been created to maintain consistency and usability in interactive system development. However, in the case of spatial applications, practitioners from research and industry either have difficulty finding them or perceive such guides as lacking relevance, practicability, and applicability. This paper presents the current state of scientific research and industry practice by investigating currently used design recommendations for mixed reality (MR) system development. We analyzed and compared 875 design recommendations for MR applications elicited from 89 scientific papers and documentation from six industry practitioners in a literature review. In doing so, we identified differences regarding four key topics: Focus on unique MR design challenges, abstraction regarding devices and ecosystems, level of detail and abstraction of content, and covered topics. Based on that,we contribute to the MR design research by providing three factors for perceived irrelevance and six main implications for design recommendations that are applicable in scientific and industry practice.
In the course of growing online retailing, recommendation systems have become established that derive recommendations from customers’ purchase histories. Recommending suitable food products can represent a lucrative added value for food retailers, but at the same time challenges them to make good predictions for repeated food purchases. Repeat purchase recommendations have been little explored in the literature. These predict when a product will be purchased again by a customer. This is especially important for food recommendations, since it is not the frequency of the same item in the shopping basket that is relevant for determining repeat purchase intervals, but rather their difference over time. In this paper, in addition to critically reflecting classical recommendation systems on the underlying repeat purchase context, two models for online product recommendations are derived from the literature, validated and discussed for the food context using real transaction data of a German stationary food retailer.
Recent publications propose concepts of systems that integrate the various services and data sources of everyday food practices. However, this research does not go beyond the conceptualization of such systems. Therefore, there is a deficit in understanding how to combine different services and data sources and which design challenges arise from building integrated Household Information Systems. In this paper, we probed the design of an Integrated Household Information System with 13 participants. The results point towards more personalization, automatization of storage administration and enabling flexible artifact ecologies. Our paper contributes to understanding the design and usage of Integrated Household Information Systems, as a new class of information systems for HCI research.
Die Vorteile, Nutzer aktiv, früh und langfristig in ntwicklungsprozesse zu integrieren, um Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden und Nutzerbedürfnisse zu adressieren, sind nicht nur in der akademischen Forschung bekannt. Prozesse und Strukturen in Unternehmen der IKT-Branche sind bereits häufig agil implementiert. Dennoch schaffen es kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) oftmals nicht, die Potentiale einer Nutzerintegration konsequent auszuschöpfen. In Fallstudien wurden drei unterschiedliche KMU analysiert, wie sie die Stimme des Nutzers im Entwicklungsprozess berücksichtigen. Unterschiedliche Strategien der Nutzerintegration, die sich in Rollen und Werkzeugen, in Anforderungen und Problemen an das Nutzersample, Methoden und Datenaufbereitung widerspiegeln, werden beleuchtet. Unser Beitrag soll helfen, Herausforderungen und Probleme von KMU auf der Suche nach angemessenen und passgenauen Wegen der Nutzerintegration zu verstehen und Lösungen zu gestalten.
Reducing energy consumption is one of the most pursued economic and ecologic challenges concerning societies as a whole, individuals and organizations alike. While politics start taking measures for energy turnaround and smart home energy monitors are becoming popular, few studies have touched on sustainability in office environments so far, though they account for almost every second workplace in modern economics. In this paper, we present findings of two parallel studies in an organizational context using behavioral change oriented strategies to raise energy awareness. Next to demonstrating potentials, it shows that energy feedback needs must fit to the local organizational context to succeed and should consider typical work patterns to foster accountability of consumption.
Opportunities for Sustainable Mobility: Re-thinking Eco-feedback from a Citizen's Perspective
(2019)
In developed nations, a growing emphasis is being placed on the promotion of sustainable behaviours amongst individuals, or ‘citizen-consumers’. In HCI, various eco-feedback tools have been designed as persuasive instruments, with a strong normative appeal geared to encouraging citizens to conduct a more sustainable mobility. However, many critiques have been formulated regarding this ‘paternalistic’ stance. In this paper, we switched the perspective from a designer’s to a citizen’s point of view and explored how people would use eco-feedback tools to support sustainable mobility in their city. In the study, we conducted 14 interviews with citizens who had used eco-feedback previously. The findings indicate new starting points that could inform future eco-feedback tools. These encompass: (1) better information regarding how sustainable mobility is measured and monitored; (2) respect for individual mobility situations and preferences; and (3) the scope for participation and the sharing of responsibility between citizens and municipal city services.
The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is the most important tool in the evaluation of environmental (sustainability) impacts of products and processes. We used the method to conduct an impact analysis with regard to raw material inputs (pulp) for the German paper production industry. In our analysis, we compare the environmental effects of primary sulphate pulp, scrap paper pulp and grass-based pulp and estimate their impacts in the impact categories "greenhouse gas emissions", "eutrophication" as well as "energy and water consumption". Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities of the methodical approach and some general problems and limits of the application of a LCA. In conclusion, we found environmental advantages for the use of grass as an alternative resource in the German paper production industry, especially in the fields of transport and water consumption.
Technological objects present themselves as necessary, only to become obsolete faster than ever before. This phenomenon has led to a population that experiences a plethora of technological objects and interfaces as they age, which become associated with certain stages of life and disappear thereafter. Noting the expanding body of literature within HCI about appropriation, our work pinpoints an area that needs more attention, “outdated technologies.” In other words, we assert that design practices can profit as much from imaginaries of the future as they can from reassessing artefacts from the past in a critical way. In a two-week fieldwork with 37 HCI students, we gathered an international collection of nostalgic devices from 14 different countries to investigate what memories people still have of older technologies and the ways in which these memories reveal normative and accidental use of technological objects. We found that participants primarily remembered older technologies with positive connotations and shared memories of how they had adapted and appropriated these technologies, rather than normative uses. We refer to this phenomenon as nostalgic reminiscence. In the future, we would like to develop this concept further by discussing how nostalgic reminiscence can be operationalized to stimulate speculative design in the present.
Taste is a complex phenomenon that depends on the individual experience and is a matter of collective negotiation and mediation. On the contrary, it is uncommon to include taste and its many facets in everyday design, particularly online shopping for fresh food products. To realize this unused potential, we conducted two Co-Design workshops. Based on the participants’ results in the workshops, we prototyped and evaluated a click-dummy smart-phone app to explore consumers’ needs for digital taste depiction. We found that emphasizing the natural qualities of food products, external reviews, and personalizing features lead to a reflection on the individual taste experience. The self-reflection through our design enables consumers to develop their taste competencies and thus strengthen their autonomy in decision-making. Ultimately, exploring taste as a social experience adds to a broader understanding of taste beyond a sensory phenomenon.
Nachhaltiges Innovationsmanagement in KMU: Eine empirische Untersuchung zu Living Labs as a Service
(2016)
Die neue europäische Umweltstrategie der Integrierten Produktpolitik fordert von produzierenden kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) eine eigenverantwortliche und produktbezogene Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie. Obgleich die Gestaltung von IKT-Services in nachhaltigkeitsrelevanten Bereichen ein großes Marktpotential verspricht, birgt das Innovationsmanagement für KMU einige Risiken. Um diese Herausforderungen zu adressieren motiviert diese Arbeit Living Labs, als Innovationsinfrastruktur, um den spezifischen Bedarfen von KMU für ein nachhaltiges Innovationsmanagement gerecht zu werden. Auf der Basis von 15 semi-strukturierten Interviews mit 7 KMU, die IKT-Lösungen in den Bereichen Wohnen und Mobilität entwickeln, wurden Herausforderungen sowie etablierte Strategien für ein nachhaltiges Innovationsmanagement erhoben sowie Potenziale und mögliche Risiken von Living Labs exploriert. Die Studie zeigt KMU spezifische Bedarfe auf, die eine Anpassung des Living Lab Ansatzes als Service-Dienstleistungen erforderlich machen.
Frequently the main purpose of domestic artifacts equipped with smart sensors is to hide technology, like previous examples of a Smart Mirror show. However, current Smart Homes often fail to provide meaningful IoT applications for all residents’ needs. To design beyond efficiency and productivity, we propose to realize the potential of the traditional artifact for calm and engaging experiences. Therefore, we followed a design case study approach with 22 participants in total. After an initial focus group, we conducted a diary study to examine home routines and developed a conceptual design. The evaluation of our mid-fidelity prototype shows, that we need to study carefully the practices of the residents to leverage the physical material of the artifact to fit the routines. Our Smart Mirror, enhanced by digital qualities, supports meaningful activities and makes the bathroom more appealing. Thereby, we discuss domestic technology design beyond automation.
As a result of ageing societies, the prevalence of dementia, and accordingly the need of care is increasing rapidly. Here, the use of ICT-based technologies may facilitate and promote a self-sustaining life-style for people with dementia and their caregivers. The presented poster describes early findings from the project MobiAssist and outlines the ICT-based training system. The system aims to increase the physical and cognitive capabilities of people with dementia, relief the caregivers and improve wellbeing of involved parties.
Vertrauen ist das Schmiermittel der Shareconomy. Einen zentralen Mechanismus hierfür stellen Crowd-basierte Reputationssysteme dar, bei denen Informationen und Bewertungen anderer Nutzer dazu dienen Vertrauen aufzubauen. Die Vernetzung zu teilender Gegenstände bietet hierbei neue Potentiale, um die Reputation eines Anbieters oder Nachfragers zu bewerten und einzuschätzen. In diesem Beitrag untersu-chen wir daher das Potential eines IoT-basierten Reputationssystems im Kontext von Peer-to-Peer Car-sharing, bei dem Informationen und Bewertungen mittels Sensorik während der Nutzung des Fahrzeugs erhoben und ausgewertet werden. Hierzu wurden zwei Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt 12 Personen durch-geführt. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass datenbasierte Reputationssysteme das Vertrauen nicht nur vor, sondern auch während der Vermietung und in der Nachkontrolle für Ver- und Entleiher steigern können. Jedoch sollten bei der Gestaltung solcher Systeme die Prinzipien der mehrseitigen Sicherheit wie Spar-samkeit, Verhältnismäßigkeit, Transparenz und Reziprozität beachtet werden.
Measuring the Understandability of Business Process Models - Are We Asking the Right Questions?
(2011)
Intention: Within the research project EnerSHelF (Energy-Self-Sufficiency for Health Facilities in Ghana), i. a. energy-meteorological and load-related measurement data are collected, for which an overview of the availability is to be presented on a poster.
Context: In Ghana, the total electricity consumed has almost doubled between 2008 and 2018 according to the Energy Commission of Ghana. This goes along with an unstable power grid, resulting in power outages whenever electricity consumption peaks. The blackouts called "dumsor" in Ghana, pose a severe burden to the healthcare sector. Innovative solutions are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy and health access.
Usability und User Experience (UX) haben als Design-Aspekte in der Produktentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Daher ist es sinnvoll, die organisationale Kompetenz zur Entwicklung von Produkten mit einer positiven UX zu stärken. Veränderungen in Organisationen sind jedoch mit großem Aufwand verbunden. Deshalb müssen Organisationen entscheiden, welche Aktivitäten zur Veränderung der eigenen Kompetenz durchgeführt werden sollen und welche nicht. Die bisherige Forschung hat sich weitgehend auf die Anwendbarkeit bestimmter Methoden im Projekt- und Produktkontext konzentriert. Um geeignete Aktivitäten zur Verbesserung der organisationalen UX-Kompetenz zu identifizieren, wurden 17 UX-Professionals befragt. Diese UX-Professionals haben mindestens zehn Jahre Erfahrung durch die Arbeit in mehreren Unternehmen und durch die Übernahme einer Führungsrolle im Bereich UX gesammelt. Aus diesen Interviews wurden 13 mögliche Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der UX-Kompetenz von Organisationen abgeleitet. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Erhöhung der Kompetenz einzelner Mitarbeiter, das Teilen von UX-Erfolgsgeschichten oder das Ermöglichen von User Research.
Mergers and acquisitions take place all over the world and in many industries, typically motivated by corporate politics. While IT management is often not involved in the decision-making, it has to solve a wide range of problems in the post-merger phase. Indeed, merging two or more companies implies not only merging their core businesses, but also creating a new and efficiently integrated IT organisation from the individual ones, since persistence of the current IT organisations usually does not make sense. In addition, corporate management frequently imposes constraints, e.g., cost reductions, on the IT infrastructure. The principal critical success factor when merging IT organisations is the uninterrupted operation of the IT business, because a service gap is neither acceptable for in-house functional departments nor for external customers. Therefore, the IT rebuilding phase has to focus on IT services that facilitate the processes of functional departments, support processes, and processes of customers and suppliers, so that any transformation work is transparent to internal and external customers. In this article we describe a real-world but anonymous case study. Our goals are to highlight the points important for merging IT organisations, and to help decision-makers, particularly in the areas of IT organisation and IT personnel. We focus on the arising organisational and non-technical issues from a management perspective, i.e., the CIO's view, and provide checklists intended to help IT managers to address the most pressing issues. To assist CIOs surviving in the post merger phase, we give check lists for merging IT organisations, check lists for merging IT human resources, check lists for IT budgets and reporting, and assess activities in a merger scenario. IT hardware, software and IT infrastructure as well as running IT projects are not considered in this paper.
Das Konzept des Living Lab ist eine in der Wissenschaft anerkannte Innovations- und Forschungsmethodik. Im betrieblichen Kontext - insbesondere in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) – wird sie bislang jedoch kaum genutzt. Um die Nutzung im kommerziellen Kontext von Smart Home zu erforschen, wird im Forschungsprojekt SmartLive aktuell ein Living Lab zum Thema aufgebaut, bei dem Unternehmen, Forscher sowie ca. 30 teilnehmenden Haushalte die alltägliche Nutzung von kommerziellen, sowie experimentell entwickelten Lösungen untersuchen und neue Interaktionskonzepte gemeinsam erarbeiten. Ferner wurden mit den teilnehmenden Unternehmen Interviews zu deren Entwicklungsprozessen, deren Einstellung zu Usability und User Experience (UUX), sowie den Potenzialen und Möglichkeiten eines Living Labs für KMU geführt. Ziel der Interviews ist es, darauf aufbauend UUX-Dienstleistungen zu identifizieren, die rund um ein kommerziell betriebenes Living Lab angeboten werden können. Hierbei wurde zunächst das Kompetenz-Netzwerk als ein wichtiges Asset eines Living Lab hervorgehoben, da es eine projektförmige Kooperation fördert. Zudem wurde der Bedarf nach flexiblen Dienstleistungen ähnlich einem Baukastensystem deutlich, mit dessen Hilfe relativ kurzfristig als auch nachhaltige innovative Konzepte erprobt, Marketingstrategien entwickelt sowie prototypische Entwicklungen hinsichtlich UUX und technischer Qualität evaluiert werden können.
IT performance measurement is often associated by chief executive officers with IT cost cutting although IT protects business processes from increasing IT costs. IT cost cutting only endangers the company’s efficiency. This opinion discriminates those who do IT performance measurement in companies as a bean-counter. The present paper describes an integrated reference model for IT performance measurement based on a life cycle model and a performance oriented framework. The presented model was created from a practical point of view. It is designed lank compared with other known concepts and is very appropriate for small and medium enterprises (SME).
Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of user experience (UX) on shopping mall customers’ intention to use a social robot. Therefore, we used a Wizard of Oz approach that enabled data collection in situ. Quantitative data was obtained from a questionnaire completed by shopping mall customers who interacted with a social robot. Data was used in a regression analysis, where user experience factors served as predictors for robot use in retail. The regression model explains up to 23.2% of the variance in customers’ intention to use a social robot. In addition, we collected qualitative data on human-robot-interactions and used the data to complement the interpretation of statistical results. Our findings suggest that only hedonic qualities significantly contribute to the prediction of customers’ intention, that shopping mall customers are reluctant to grant pragmatic qualities to social robots, and that UX evaluation in HRI requires additional predictors.
The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, BMA) is supporting 73 projects in Germany using European Union (EU) funds in the amount of € 26 million. By providing the subsidies, the European Commission and the German Federal Government are hoping to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among German small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). The project run by Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University is one of these CSR projects. It is aimed at providing comprehensive information on CSR to the businesses in question and at emphasizing their responsibility along the supply chain.
Konzept zum Umgang mit Prüfungsstress und Lernblockaden bei Studierenden in der Studieneingangsphase
(2021)
IT–Servicemanagement in KMU
(2006)
The design of self-driving cars is one of the most exciting and ambitious challenges of our days and every day, new research work is published. In order to give an orientation, this article will present an overview of various methods used to study the human side of autonomous driving. Simplifying roughly, you can distinguish between design science-oriented methods (such as Research through Design, Wizard of Oz or driving simulator ) and behavioral science methods (such as survey, interview, and observation). We show how these methods are adopted in the context of autonomous driving research and dis-cuss their strengths and weaknesses. Due to the complexity of the topic, we will show that mixed method approaches will be suitable to explore the impact of autonomous driving on different levels: the individual, the social interaction and society.
In intensively used agricultural landscapes, path margins are one of the few refuges and nurseries for wildlife. They provide e. g. food sources and overwintering opportunities for many insects, serve as migration corridors for animals, protect soil from erosion, increase its water-holding capacity, and increase soil organic carbon, contributing thus directly to biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Path margins are often municipally owned but used and managed by agriculture. For a path margin to be functional, certain conditions must be fulfilled, such as the width, the botanical composition, and how it is managed through the seasons. Therefore, it must be managed under specific requirements. A multifunctional path margin can be achieved only through the commitment of all stakeholders (e.g., farmers, municipalities, conservationists, and civil society).
Urban food systems consist of many stakeholders with different perspectives, different interests and different governance tools. This study aimed at developing potential future scenarios for the food system of Cologne by analysing the system with a Delphi approach. In our research-design, the suitability of the Delphi-method was evaluated not only as a tool for future modelling and scenario design, but also as a communication tool among the group of participants on a multi-stakeholder-platform. As a case study, the Food Policy Council of Cologne, Germany was used. Cologne can be seen as a forerunner among German cities in the development of a new urban food policy. Some of the successful steps to re-envisioning food as an urban system include joining the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, the decision of the City Council to become an edible city and the establishment of a Food Policy Council. For the study it was important to capture participants’ visions of a common goal regarding the governance of the urban food system and also to identify mental ‘silos’. It was obvious that the municipality of Cologne together with the Food Policy Council made great efforts towards participatory processes to build a vision for a sustainable and regional food supply. However, many stakeholder-groups in the process still work exclusively among themselves and do not actively practice the confrontation with the viewpoints of other relevant groups. This supports the maintenance of ‘silos’ and leaves little room for face-to-face discussions. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to explore key components of food provisioning in the future for Cologne while confronting all stakeholders (municipal administration and politicians, farmers and food activists) with the perspectives of all group members. We used a multi-stakeholder Delphi approach with 19 panellists to find out essential components of the municipal regional food provisioning system in Cologne. Unique in this Delphi study is the bringing together of municipal administration, regional urban farmers and food activists. The research is still on-going, but preliminary results show that more communication among all relevant actors, especially horizontally among different city departments, in the urban food system is needed.
With the debates on climate change and sustainability, a reduction of the share of cars in the modal split has become increasingly prevalent in both public and academic discourse. Besides some motivational approaches, there is a lack of ICT artifacts that successfully raise the ability of consumers to adopt sustainable mobility patterns. To further understand the requirements and the design of these artifacts within everyday mobility adopted a practice-lens. This lens is helpful to get a broader perspective on the use of ICT artifacts along consumers’ transformational journey towards sustainable mobility practices. Based on 12 retrospective interviews with car-free mobility consumers, we argue that artifacts should not be viewed as ’magic-bullet’ solutions but should accompany the complex transformation of practices in multifaceted ways. Moreover, we highlight in particular the difficulties of appropriating shared infrastructures and aligning own practices with them. This opens up a design space to provide more support for these kinds of material-interactions, to provide access to consumption infrastructures and make them usable, rather than leaving consumers alone with increased motivation.
Within qualitative interviews we examine attitudes towards driverless cars in order to investigate new mobility services and explore the impact of such services on everyday mobility. We identified three main issues that we would like to discuss in the workshop: (I) Designing beyond a driver-centric approach; (II) Developing mobility services for cars which drive themselves; and (III) Exploring self-driving practices.
Focus on what matters: improved feature selection techniques for personal thermal comfort modelling
(2022)
Occupants' personal thermal comfort (PTC) is indispensable for their well-being, physical and mental health, and work efficiency. Predicting PTC preferences in a smart home can be a prerequisite to adjusting the indoor temperature for providing a comfortable environment. In this research, we focus on identifying relevant features for predicting PTC preferences. We propose a machine learning-based predictive framework by employing supervised feature selection techniques. We apply two feature selection techniques to select the optimal sets of features to improve the thermal preference prediction performance. The experimental results on a public PTC dataset demonstrated the efficiency of the feature selection techniques that we have applied. In turn, our PTC prediction framework with feature selection techniques achieved state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy, Cohen's kappa, and area under the curve (AUC), outperforming conventional methods.
This paper presents the outcomes of an exploratory field study that examined the social impact of an ICT-based suite of exergames for people with dementia and their caregivers. Qualitative data was collected over a period of 8 months, during which time we studied the daily life of 14 people with dementia and their informal and professional caregivers. We focus on the experiential aspects of the system and examine its social impact when integrated into the daily routines of both people with dementia themselves and their professional and family caregivers. Our findings indicate that relatives were able to regain leisure time, whilst people with dementia were able to recapture certain aspects of their social and daily activities that might otherwise have been lost to them. Results suggest that the system enhanced social-interaction, invigorated relationships, and improved the empowerment of people with dementia and their caregivers to face daily challenges.
Exploring Future Work - Co-Designing a Human-robot Collaboration Environment for Service Domains
(2020)
There has been increasing interest in the application of humanoid robots in service domains like retail or care homes in recent years. Here, most use cases focus on serving customer needs autonomously. Frequently, human intervention becomes necessary to support the robot in exceptional situations. However, direct intervention of service operators is often not possible and requires specialized personnel. In a co-design process with 13 service operators from a pharmacy, we designed a remote working environment for human-robot collaboration that enables first-time experiences and collaboration with robots. Five participants took part in an assessment study and reported on their experiences about the utility, usability and user experience. Results show that participants were able to control and train the robot through the remote control environment. We discuss implications of our results for future work in service domains and emphasize a shift of focus from full robot automatization to human-robot collaboration forms.
In 1991 the researchers at the center for the Learning Sciences of Carnegie Mellon University were confronted with the confusing question of “where is AI” from the users, who were interacting with AI but did not realize it. Three decades of research and we are still facing the same issue with the AItechnology users. In the lack of users’ awareness and mutual understanding of AI-enabled systems between designers and users, informal theories of the users about how a system works (“Folk theories”) become inevitable but can lead to misconceptions and ineffective interactions. To shape appropriate mental models of AI-based systems, explainable AI has been suggested by AI practitioners. However, a profound understanding of the current users’ perception of AI is still missing. In this study, we introduce the term “Perceived AI” as “AI defined from the perspective of its users”. We then present our preliminary results from deep-interviews with 50 AItechnology users, which provide a framework for our future research approach towards a better understanding of PAI and users’ folk theories.
Organisationen wollen Produkte mit guter User Experience herstellen. Durch die Evaluation der organisationalen UX-Gestaltungskompetenz können Organisationen erkennen, wie stark ihre momentane UX-Gestaltungskompetenz ausgeprägt ist und wie die Kompetenz gezielt gesteigert werden kann. Für die Abbildung der aktuellen Kompetenz werden ein Fragebogen zur theoretischen Kompetenz und ein Fragebogen für die Produktevaluation kombiniert. Durch diese Kombination wird die Kompetenz der Organisation aus der Handlungs- und der Ergebnisperspektive betrachtet. Für die Erarbeitung von Handlungsfeldern zur Verbesserung der Kompetenz werden qualitative Interviews durchgeführt und mit den Ergebnissen der quantitativen Erhebungen verknüpft. Durch einen anschließenden Ergebnisworkshop erarbeiten sich die Mitglieder der Organisation einen effizienten Weg zur Steigerung der organisationalen UX-Kompetenz.
In this paper, we present the results of a controlled human experiment where students in a business process modelling course had to model a business process from a case study as part of their coursework. One group could take advantage of the continuous validation feature that is implemented in the bflow modelling tool, i.e. they were provided with alerts about modelling errors. A control group had to create a model for the same case study without using continuous validation. The results of the experiment indicate that the presence of continuous validation indeed has had a positive effect on the number of syntactic errors in business process models.
Reducing energy consumption is one of the most pursued economic and ecologic challenges concerning societies as a whole, individuals and organizations alike. While politics start taking measures for energy turnaround and smart home energy monitors are becoming popular, few studies have touched on sustainability in office environments so far, though they account for almost every second workplace in modern economics. In this paper, we present findings of two parallel studies in an organizational context using behavioral change oriented strategies to raise energy awareness. Next to demonstrating potentials, it shows that energy feedback needs must fit to the local organizational context to succeed and should consider typical work patterns to foster accountability of consumption.
The accurate forecasting of solar radiation plays an important role for predictive control applications for energy systems with a high share of photovoltaic (PV) energy. Especially off-grid microgrid applications using predictive control applications can benefit from forecasts with a high temporal resolution to address sudden fluctuations of PV-power. However, cloud formation processes and movements are subject to ongoing research. For now-casting applications, all-sky-imagers (ASI) are used to offer an appropriate forecasting for aforementioned application. Recent research aims to achieve these forecasts via deep learning approaches, either as an image segmentation task to generate a DNI forecast through a cloud vectoring approach to translate the DNI to a GHI with ground-based measurement (Fabel et al., 2022; Nouri et al., 2021), or as an end-to-end regression task to generate a GHI forecast directly from the images (Paletta et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2021). While end-to-end regression might be the more attractive approach for off-grid scenarios, literature reports increased performance compared to smart-persistence but do not show satisfactory forecasting patterns (Paletta et al., 2021). This work takes a step back and investigates the possibility to translate ASI-images to current GHI to deploy the neural network as a feature extractor. An ImageNet pre-trained deep learning model is used to achieve such translation on an openly available dataset by the University of California San Diego (Pedro et al., 2019). The images and measurements were collected in Folsom, California. Results show that the neural network can successfully translate ASI-images to GHI for a variety of cloud situations without the need of any external variables. Extending the neural network to a forecasting task also shows promising forecasting patterns, which shows that the neural network extracts both temporal and momentarily features within the images to generate GHI forecasts.
Current research in augmented, virtual, and mixed reality (XR) reveals a lack of tool support for designing and, in particular, prototyping XR applications. While recent tools research is often motivated by studying the requirements of non-technical designers and end-user developers, the perspective of industry practitioners is less well understood. In an interview study with 17 practitioners from different industry sectors working on professional XR projects, we establish the design practices in industry, from early project stages to the final product. To better understand XR design challenges, we characterize the different methods and tools used for prototyping and describe the role and use of key prototypes in the different projects. We extract common elements of XR prototyping, elaborating on the tools and materials used for prototyping and establishing different views on the notion of fidelity. Finally, we highlight key issues for future XR tools research.
Für das IT-Service-Management, also für die Maßnahmen zur Planung, Überwachung und Steuerung der Effektivitat und Effizienz von IT-Services, existieren Standardprozessmodelle wie beispielsweise ITIL oder MOF. Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) können für das IT-Service-Management oftmals nicht die IT-Service-Management-Prozesse aus ITIL oder MOF nutzen, da der zusätzliche administrative Aufwand zur Nutzung für diese Unternehmen meist nicht rentabel ist. Dies ist ein entscheidender Wettbewerbsnachteil, da die Aufgaben und Themen im IT-Service-Management für KMU der in großen Unternehmen sehr ähnlich sind.
Die Autoren ermitteln in diesem Beitrag typische Anforderungen an das IT-Service-Management in KMU, entwickeln anschliesend ein für KMU geeignetes Prozessmodell für das IT-Service-Management, das sich aus ITIL ableitet, und beschreiben abschließend die exemplarische Einführung in einem Unternehmen.
For most people, using their body to authenticate their identity is an integral part of daily life. From our fingerprints to our facial features, our physical characteristics store the information that identifies us as "us." This biometric information is becoming increasingly vital to the way we access and use technology. As more and more platform operators struggle with traffic from malicious bots on their servers, the burden of proof is on users, only this time they have to prove their very humanity and there is no court or jury to judge, but an invisible algorithmic system. In this paper, we critique the invisibilization of artificial intelligence policing. We argue that this practice obfuscates the underlying process of biometric verification. As a result, the new "invisible" tests leave no room for the user to question whether the process of questioning is even fair or ethical. We challenge this thesis by offering a juxtaposition with the science fiction imagining of the Turing test in Blade Runner to reevaluate the ethical grounds for reverse Turing tests, and we urge the research community to pursue alternative routes of bot identification that are more transparent and responsive.
Die Globalisierung führt zu immer komplexeren, für die Einzelnen kaum nachvollziehbaren Wertschöpfungsketten in der Lebensmittelindustrie. Zugleich eröffnet die Digitalisierung neue Möglichkeiten, Informationen entlang der Kette zu sammeln, und so mehr Transparenz und Vertrauen für den Verbraucherbeziehungsweise die Verbraucherin zu schaffen. Jedoch finden Verbraucherinformations-Apps wie fTRACE bisher nur eine geringe Verbreitung. Daher haben wir in einer qualitativen Studie mit 16 Teilnehmer/-innen Bedürfnisse und Nutzungshürden von Verbraucher/-innen im Zusammenhang mit Verbraucherinformations-Apps analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass das Vertrauen in die Informationen, sowie der einfache Zugang dazu für Verbraucher/-innen zentral sind. Durch die gut sichtbare Bereitstellung der Informationen am Point-of-Sale, sowie der automatisierten Informationsversorgung z. B. mittels digitaler Kassenzettel in Kombination mit weiteren Verbraucher-Services kann die Bekanntheit und Akzeptanz von Rückverfolgbarkeitssystemen weiter gesteigert werden.
Die Vielzahl der Möglichkeiten, um mit Kunden in den Dialog zu treten, ist erheblich gestiegen. Unternehmen sind deshalb gefordert, die verschiedenen Kontaktkanäle mit ihren Kunden systematisch zu managen. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei der Informations- und Entscheidungsprozess des Kunden, der als Customer Journey bezeichnet wird. Diese Journey ist definiert als Prozess zwischen dem ersten Kaufimpuls und der Kaufentscheidung. Dieser Prozess ist charakterisiert von der Nutzung verschiedener Medien bzw. Kontaktkanäle. Kunden nutzen die Kontaktkanäle, die ihnen in der aktuellen Situation als sehr einfach bzw. bequem erscheinen und zu ihren spezifischen Anliegen (Fragen zum Produkt, Bestellung etc.) passen. Erfahrungen zeigen, dass sich zwar Grundmuster identifizieren lassen, ansonsten die Wege der Kunden jedoch sehr individuell sein können.
Bei genauer Betrachtung heutiger Sharing Plattformen wie AirBnB, Uber, Drivy oder Fairleihen fällt auf, dass diese eines gemein haben. Als Plattformökonomien basieren sie auf mindestens zwei Nutzergruppen, Anbietern und Nachfragern für Güter oder Dienstleistungen. Ein Problem solcher zweioder mehrseitigen Märkte ist jedoch häufig, dass der Wertezuwachs, der durch die Nutzer generiert wird, nicht gleichmäßig unter der Plattform und den aktiven Nutzern verteilt wird, sondern meist ausschließlich als Gewinn an die Plattformen geht. Mit der Blockchain-Technologie könnte dieses Problem gelöst werden, indem der Informations- und Wertetransfer sicher und dezentral organisiert wird und viele Funktionen traditioneller Intermediäre dadurch obsolet werden. Diese Arbeit bietet einen Überblick über Anwendungsfelder und das Grundkonzept der Sharing Economy. Wir zeigen auf, wie sich Geschäftsmodelle und Infrastrukturen in einer Blockchain abbilden lassen, welche Potentiale eine Blockchain-basierte Infrastruktur bietet, wann diese in der Sharing Economy sinnvoll sein kann und welche Probleme dadurch gelöst werden können.
This article concerns the design and development of Information- and Communication Technology, in particular computer systems in regard to the demographic transition which will influence user capabilities. It is questionable if current applied computer systems are able to meet the requirements of altered user groups with diversified capabilities. Such an enquiry is necessary based on actual forecasts leading to the assumption that the average age of employees in enterprises will increase significantly within the next 50-60 years, while the percentage of computer aided business tasks, operated by human individuals, rises from year to year. This progress will precipitate specific consequences for enterprises regarding the design and application of computer systems. If computer systems are not adapted to altered user requirements, efficient and productive utilisation could be negatively influenced. These consequences constitute the motivation to extend traditional design methodologies and thereby ensure the application of computer systems that are usable, independent of user capabilities.