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ICT integration by universities teaching professionals is emerging as a major concern, this study demonstrate the need to address the integration problem by encouraging existing metrics use in indexing ICT integration as an ICT governance strategy. Quality of integration depends on quality indexing which also depend on quality of existing metrics and their use. Considering the role that University Information Technology Teaching Professionals’ (UITTPs) continuous improvement indexing can offer, towards autonomic governance of the continuous emerging ICTs in the university teaching, this study examined extent in use of existing ICT integration metrics to index ICT integration by the UITTPs. Six metrics for ICT integration were investigated; time, workshop course content relevance, technical malfunctions, support conditions, support services, and motivation and commitment to student learning and staff professional development metrics. Descriptive survey design was used in which interviews were conducted to UITTPs in three (3) public and three (3) private purposively selected universities in Kenya. The findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kendall’s correlation of concordance and tested using Chi-square on the extent of concordance and presented with help of frequency tables, figures and percentages. The findings revealed that all the metrics are rarely used for indexing ICT integration (32.8%), and most UITTPs were in discordance on this level of all the six metrics use except for support condition. This implied that the use of metrics for indexing integration has not been formalized across the Kenyan universities. Universities need to be encouraged to identify suitable metrics, formalize them and improve their frequency in use. Secondly, socio based metrics such as content relevance are used more frequently for indexing integration as compared to Technical metrics, socio-technical metrics balance therefore need to be emphasized by the universities management when determining and using metrics for indexing ICT integration.
With trainings and research oriented towards sustainable development since 2006 (Water and Sanitation, Infrastructure, Renewable Energies and Energy Processes), Foundation 2iE is positioning itself as a reference institute that trains innovative engineers-entrepreneurs for the needs and challenges of Africa’s development. Center of Excellence of the UEMOA and the World Bank, CSR is at the heart of the Strategy of the institute which aims to be a showcase in this field in Africa.
Entrepreneurship education serves a conduit for new venture creation as it provides the knowledge and skills needed to increase the self-efficacy of individuals to start and run new businesses and to grow existing ones. This study, therefore, sought to assess the relationship between the approaches to the teaching of entrepreneur-ship and entrepreneurial intention on a cohort of 292 respondents consisting of students who have studied entrepreneurship in three selected Universities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data randomly from students. The canonical correlation results indicate that education for and through entrepreneurship is the best approach to promoting entrepreneurial intensity among University students, if the aim of teaching entrepreneur-ship is to promote start-up activities. The findings provide valuable insights for institutions of higher learning and policy makers in Ghana with respect to the appropriate methodologies to be adopted in the teaching of entrepreneurship in our universities.
A plethora of architectural patterns and elements for developing service-oriented applications can be gathered from the state-of-the-art. Most of these approaches are merely applicable for single-tenant applications. However, less methodical support is provided for scenarios, in which multiple different tenants with varying requirements access the same application stack concurrently. In order to fill this gap, both novel and existing architectural patterns, architectural elements, as well as fundamental design decisions must be considered and integrated into a framework that leverages the devel- opment of multi-tenant application. This paper addresses this demand and presents the SOAdapt framework. It promotes the development of adaptable multi-tenant applications based on a service-oriented architecture that is capable of incorporating specific requirements of new tenants in a flexible manner.
In today’s business, culture plays a vital role or to a high degree influences the attitude, perception and decision making process of an individual. Culture is an unavoidable state of rules and regulations that defines people’s daily life in a particular environment or society. There are plenty examples of business failures or stagnation or failure of joint ventures, on account of the management's inability to recognize cross-cultural challenges and tackle them appropriately.
Over the years, entrepreneurship has proven to be one of the key roles towards development. The cycle of business start-ups and growth are linked to the socio-economic benefits of the global world at large. With a growing world population of over 7billion people, the existence of universities (both public &private) as well as enterprises has increased globally in the 21st century. The mission and purpose behind Universities, Entrepreneurship and Enterprises thrive on development in the areas of capacity building, skill acquisition, training and knowledge amongst others. Africa alone has a population of over 1.2billion people with about 650 recognized universities and over 140,000 registered businesses (enterprises) in Ghana alone. A case study in Ghana reveals three key drivers towards entrepreneurship and the role university education has played in various business establishments. The drivers are problem statements, resources and research findings. Some of these notions to business include the management of risk, research findings and customer relationship. These are major features that need critical attention and play a role in business and entrepreneurship in Africa. A major success in business and entrepreneurship is the utilization of the human resource population and the lifeline support given to households in terms of income, while a barrier being the limited access to credit support from the financial companies at the inception stages. In conclusion, this conference should develop a practical book guide on business start-ups and entrepreneurship knowledge to be used at the various universities in Africa to enhance development.
Recent work in image captioning and scene-segmentation has shown significant results in the context of scene-understanding. However, most of these developments have not been extrapolated to research areas such as robotics. In this work we review the current state-ofthe- art models, datasets and metrics in image captioning and scenesegmentation. We introduce an anomaly detection dataset for the purpose of robotic applications, and we present a deep learning architecture that describes and classifies anomalous situations. We report a METEOR score of 16.2 and a classification accuracy of 97 %.
Current robot platforms are being employed to collaborate with humans in a wide range of domestic and industrial tasks. These environments require autonomous systems that are able to classify and communicate anomalous situations such as fires, injured persons, car accidents; or generally, any potentially dangerous situation for humans. In this paper we introduce an anomaly detection dataset for the purpose of robot applications as well as the design and implementation of a deep learning architecture that classifies and describes dangerous situations using only a single image as input. We report a classification accuracy of 97 % and METEOR score of 16.2. We will make the dataset publicly available after this paper is accepted.
In this paper we propose an implement a general convolutional neural network (CNN) building framework for designing real-time CNNs. We validate our models by creating a real-time vision system which accomplishes the tasks of face detection, gender classification and emotion classification simultaneously in one blended step using our proposed CNN architecture. After presenting the details of the training procedure setup we proceed to evaluate on standard benchmark sets. We report accuracies of 96% in the IMDB gender dataset and 66% in the FER-2013 emotion dataset. Along with this we also introduced the very recent real-time enabled guided back-propagation visualization technique. Guided back-propagation uncovers the dynamics of the weight changes and evaluates the learned features. We argue that the careful implementation of modern CNN architectures, the use of the current regularization methods and the visualization of previously hidden features are necessary in order to reduce the gap between slow performances and real-time architectures. Our system has been validated by its deployment on a Care-O-bot 3 robot used during RoboCup@Home competitions. All our code, demos and pre-trained architectures have been released under an open-source license in our public repository.
Ghanaian tertiary graduates' perception of entrepreneurship education on employment opportunities
(2017)
This study focuses on whether entrepreneurship education increases entrepreneurial interest in students to set up new businesses. Entrepreneurship is a core course taken in the third year by all students of Ho Technical University. Out of the 1329 population of level 300 students of the 2016/2017 academic year, data were collected by convenience sampling from 325 (217 males and 108 females) with mean age of 24.75 years from 14 departments of four faculties. The students responded to 43-survey items derived from reviewed literature on a 5-Point Likert-Scale. It is concluded that more than 84% of the respondents agreed that entrepreneurship education informed students about entrepreneurship through the acquisition of practical skills, knowledge about acquisition of personal orientation, knowledge about business management principles and the availability of entrepreneurial support agencies. This shows that the students are highly confident of setting up their own businesses through the knowledge acquired. The study therefore has important implications for policy makers, management of tertiary institutions, students and educational evaluators on how to ensure that tertiary graduates set up entrepreneurship ventures in order to partially solve the unemployment problem in Ghana.
The non-farm sector is critical for the socio-economic development of Ghana especially the rural poor. Literature suggest that people engage in non-farm enterprises as a way out of poverty or a survival strategy, perhaps as a substitute for the landless. This paper analyses the determinants of individual participation in non-farm enterprises and the intensity of participation. The paper uses EGC/ISSER Socio-Economic Panel Survey data collected in 2009. The paper estimated the determinants of participation using a probit model and then estimated the intensity of participation using a truncated regression model. The results indicate that majority of women (about 73%) are engaged in non-farm enterprises in rural Ghana. The study found that females tended to participate more in non-farm self-employment and are less likely to participate in non-farm wage employment. The results further showed that individual characteristics such as the gender of the individual, being head of a household, being the spouse of a household head, having formal education, age of the individual, having access to credit, possessing a mobile phone, per capita landing holding and ownership of livestock influenced the participation of individuals in self-and wage employment. Results from truncated regression model for self-employed enterprises showed that having access to mobile phones, owning more livestock and electricity are important in determining the intensity of participation in self-employed enterprises. For wage-employment, being a household head, spouse of household head, having access to mobile phone and owning more livestock increased the number of days working on wage employment. Education is relevant for employment in the non-farm sector especially wage-employment. Government should play a lead role in making formal education accessible to the rural people. Deliberate policies should focus on addressing critical factors such as access to credit, mobile phone, electricity and education which are relevant for increasing participation intensity in rural enterprises.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Effizienz der Seitenkanal-Kryptanalyse. In Teil II dieser Arbeit demonstrieren wir, wie die Laufzeit der wichtigsten Analysewerkzeuge mit Hilfe der CUDA Plattform erheblich gesteigert werden kann. Zweitens untersuchen wir neue Ansätze der profilierenden Seitenkanal-Kryptanalyse. Der Forschungszweig des maschinellen Lernens kann für deutliche Verbesserungen adaptiert werden, wurde jedoch wenig dahingehend untersucht. In Teil III dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir zwei neue Methoden, die einige Gemeinsamkeiten jedoch auch einige Unterschiede aufbieten, sodass sich Prüfergebnisse in einem vollständigeren Bild zeigen lassen. Darüber hinaus schlagen wir in Teil IV eine Seitenkanalanwendung zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums (IP) vor. In Teil V beschäftigen wir uns tiefergehend mit praktischer Seitenkanal-Kryptanalyse, indem wir Attacken auf einen Sicherheitsmikrokontroller durchführen, der Anwendung in einer, in Deutschland weit verbreiteten, EC Karte findet.
In Zeiten deutlicher Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und gravierender sozialer Missstände in Teilen der Welt drängen sich dringender denn je für die Weltgemeinschaft die Fragen nach Handlungsoptionen zum Erreichen nachhaltiger Entwicklung auf. Dementsprechend ist auch der öffentliche Sektor gefragt seinen Beitrag zu leisten. Als ein wirkungsvoller Beitrag ist die Etablierung nachhaltiger öffentlicher Beschaffung zu nennen. Um diesen Beitrag adäquat umzusetzen, müssen unter anderem die Richtlinien und Gesetze, die die öffentliche Beschaffung regeln, ausreichend Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten dafür bieten. Mit der jüngsten europäischen Vergaberechtsreform und der daraufhin verabschiedeten deutschen Anpassung der Gesetze ist der Grundstein dafür gelegt worden. Welche erfolgsversprechenden Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten diese rechtliche Basis nun den Kommunen in Deutschland als Hauptakteuren öffentlicher Beschaffung bietet und welche weiteren Erfolgsfaktoren für die Umsetzung nachhaltiger öffentlicher Beschaffung auf kommunaler Ebene entscheidend sind, ist Thema dieses Arbeitspapiers. Ein Praxischeck der Erfolgsfaktoren wird am Beispiel der Stadt Bonn, stellvertretend für die kommunale Ebene in NRW vorgenommen.
I. Einleitung II. Soziale Sicherung als Bestandteil entwicklungspolitischer Agenden – Eine internationale Perspektive III. Internationale Politikdiffusion und nationaler Politikwandel – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen IV. Die Rolle internationaler Politikdiffusion für den Wandel sozialer Sicherungssysteme – Empirische Evidenz V. Schlussfolgerungen
Political economic analyses of recent social protection reforms in Asian, African or Latin American countries have increased throughout the last few years. Yet, most contributions focus on one social protection mechanism only and do not provide a comparative approach across policy areas. In addition, most studies are empirical studies, with no or very limited theoretical linkages. The paper aims to explain multiple trajectories of social protection reform processes looking at cash transfers and social health protection policies in Kenya. It develops a taxonomy and suggest a conceptual framework to assess and explain reform dynamics across different social protection pillars. In order to allow for a more differentiated typology and enable us to understand different reform dynamics, the article uses the approach on gradual institutional change. While existing approaches to institutional change mostly focus on institutional change prompted by exogenous shocks or environmental shifts, this approach takes account of both, exogenous and endogenous sources of change.
Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a glycoprotein capable of bioscavenging toxic compounds such as organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. For commercial production of BChE, it is practical to synthesize BChE in non-human expression systems, such as plants or animals. However, the glycosylation profile in these systems is significantly different from the human glycosylation profile, which could result in changes in BChE's structure and function. From our investigation, we found that the glycan attached to ASN241 is both structurally and functionally important due to its close proximity to the BChE tetramerization domain and the active site gorge. To investigate the effects of populating glycosylation site ASN241, monomeric human BChE glycoforms were simulated with and without site ASN241 glycosylated. Our simulations indicate that the structure and function of human BChE are significantly affected by the absence of glycan 241.
RoCKIn@Work was focused on benchmarks in the domain of industrial robots. Both task and functionality benchmarks were derived from real world applications. All of them were part of a bigger user story painting the picture of a scaled down real world factory scenario. Elements used to build the testbed were chosen from common materials in modern manufacturing environments. Networked devices, machines controllable through a central software component, were also part of the testbed and introduced a dynamic component to the task benchmarks. Strict guidelines on data logging were imposed on participating teams to ensure gathered data could be automatically evaluated. This also had the positive effect that teams were made aware of the importance of data logging, not only during a competition but also during research as useful utility in their own laboratory. Tasks and functionality benchmarks are explained in detail, starting with their use case in industry, further detailing their execution and providing information on scoring and ranking mechanisms for the specific benchmark.
Sicherung des Jugend- und Spielerschutzes innerhalb des gewerblichen Geldspiels in Deutschland - 2.0
(2017)
Eine wissenschaftliche Analyse zur Zertifizierung des gewerblichen Geldspiels in Deutschland. Die Basis bildet die international und interdisziplinär validierte wissenschaftliche Expertise "Safeguarding the Protection of Minors and Players with Respect to Commercial Gambling in Germany - 2.0". Ziel ist die Qualitätssicherung für einen verantwortlichen Umgang mit Glücks- und Gewinnspielangeboten (Responsible Gaming). Dazu wird ein Prüfkatalog für das gewerbliche Geldspiel in Spielhallen und in Gaststätten vorgestellt und durch Musterformulare unterstützt. Dieses Zertifizierungsverfahren kann auch im internationalen Kontext Impulse geben und gegebenenfalls einen Standard setzen, auch zur Regulierung nicht-regulierter Glücks- und Gewinnspielangebote.
Interkulturelles Management
(2017)
Klar und verständlich stellt dieses Buch die wesentlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Instrumente des internationalen Managementhandelns dar. Diese treten in der Unternehmenspraxis z. B. in der Führung und Zusammenarbeit von Mitarbeitern unterschiedlicher Kulturen oder im internationalen Projektmanagement auf. Darüber hinaus eröffnet das Werk Perspektiven, die Erfahrungen im internationalen Managementhandeln auf andere Kulturunterschiede im Unternehmen – und damit nutzbare Diversity-Potenziale – zu übertragen.
Over the past decades, growing trends in social media, e-literacy and globalisation have led to the increased use of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in offices, schools, homes, hospitals and other institutions. Although, there are more efforts at introducing diversity, innovation and increased use of EEE, there had been limited effort at managing the end?of?life of these electronic devices. Evidence from previous research showed that the management of the end of life of electronic waste is highly dominated by Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in the informal sector who employ more crude technology in their operations. This exploratory study therefore, sought to examine the activities of corporate bodies and MSMEs (formal and informal) in the e-waste sector in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolitan Areas in Ghana. Data was collected via questionnaires and interview from randomly selected respondents in the two metropolises. Results reveal that even though corporate institutions import a lot of electrical and electronic equipment, they do not have any policies on disposal of the e-waste generated. Thus, a high percentage of the e-waste generated is processed by the informal sector. The implications of the results are that policy makers and other stakeholders should encourage MSMEs to formalize their activities, support investment and green business development as well as funding and training for MSMEs operating in the sector.
This paper proposes a novel approach to the generation of state equations from a bond graph (BG) of a mode switching linear time invariant model. Fast state transitions are modelled by ideal or non-ideal switches. Fixed causalities are assigned following the Standard Causality Assignment Procedure such that the number of storage elements in integral causality is maximised. A system of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs) is derived from the BG that holds for all system modes. It is distinguished between storage elements with mode independent causality and those that change causality due to switch state changes.
Integrating Bond Graph-Based Fault Diagnosis and Fault Accommodation Through Inverse Simulation
(2017)
Softwarenutzung im Umbruch: Von der Software-Lizenz zum Cloudbasierten Business Process Outsourcing
(2017)
Culture is at the core of any social, economic and business interactions and relationships. The way people perceive the culture of others influences their decision to collaborate socially, politically and economically with them. It is therefore, imperative students appreciate the dynamics of cross-cultural interactions and collaborations, since it exposes them to a wider view of the world. In doing this, it is important they (students) are allowed to explore as much as possible with little interference by their teachers. Using the project students went through real-life experience in a self-directed enquiry. In the process, they were taught to solve problems encountered during the learning process. The focus of the intercultural communication project was to understand how people from different cultures speak, interact and perceive others’ culture. It was found students innovate if allowed to explore a certain phenomenon on their own. Furthermore, face-to-face meetings can be arranged between people in the different countries can be arranged using these Web 2.0 tools. Based on the experience from the project, it was observed that the success of a collaborative international project depends on the understanding of the crosscultural dynamics of partners. For such collaborations, it is imperative to establish personal relationships, be flexible and adaptable to situations and change as well as being swift resolving potential conflict situation.
Telecollaborating and communicating in online contexts using English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) requires students to develop multiple literacies in addition to foreign language skills and intercultural communicative competence. This chapter looks at the intersection of technology and teaching ELF, examining mutual contributions of technologies, more specifically Web 2.0, and ELF to each other, and the challenges in designing and implementing collaboration projects across cultures. Moreover, it looks at how the development of digital competencies in ELF (DELF) can be enhanced through the implementation of Web 2.0 mediated intercultural dialogues. The detail of the research design including internet tools used, participants and tasks are also discussed. Data analysis points to a positive attitude towards telecollaboration, also providing confirmation of some of the problems identified in theoretical framework, such as different levels of personal engagement.
Reliable and regional differentiated power forecasts are required to guarantee an efficient and economic energy transition towards renewable energies. Amongst other renewable energy technologies, e.g. wind mills, photovoltaic (PV) systems are an essential component of this transition being cost-efficient and simply to install. Reliable power forecasts are however required for a grid integration of photovoltaic systems, which among other data requires high-resolution spatio-temporal global irradiance data.
Systemunterstützung für wissensintensive Geschäftsprozesse – Konzepte und Implementierungsansätze
(2017)
Studienverläufe von Studenten weichen nicht selten vom offiziell geplanten Curriculum ab. Für eine den Studienerfolg verbessernde Planung und Weiterentwicklung von Studiengängen und Curricula fehlen den Verantwortlichen häufig Erkenntnisse über tatsächliche sowie typischerweise erfolgreiche und weniger erfolgreiche Studienverlaufsmuster. Process-Mining-Techniken können helfen, mehr Transparenz bei der Auswertung von Studienverläufen zu schaffen und so die Erkennung typischer Studienverlaufsmuster, die Überprüfung der Übereinstimmung der konkreten Studienverläufe mit dem vorgegebenen Curriculum sowie eine zielgerechte Verbesserung des Curriculums zu unterstützen.
Continued growth in international experiences for U.S. co++6llege students is a favorable trend. However, the most substantial increase has occurred with of short-term study abroad programs. Many of these programs include extensive travel instead of involving a single site. There is great danger that if not properly managed, these types of international educational experience will default into little more than an organized group tour.
In these types of programs it is challenging to induce student participants to engage meaningfully with local residents as the traveling group tends to form into its own portable society. In addition, the current state of wireless communications means that students participating in these types of programs can easily stay plugged into their home social networks which further reduces meaningful interactions in the cultures being visited.
Incorporating well designed research projects into short-term study abroad programs holds the potential to offset some of the inherent limitations of such programs. Research projects can serve both to prepare the students for the trip and promote meaningful cross-cultural interaction while the program is underway.
In this paper, the authors provide suggestions based on their experiences with short-term travel abroad programs which incorporated student research. Several potential problems are identified and suggestions are given for project design.
Das Cutting sticks-Problem ist in seiner allgemeinen Formulierung ein NP-vollständiges Problem mit Anwendungspotenzialen im Bereich der Logistik. Unter der Annahme, dass P ungleich NP (P != NP) ist, existieren keine effizienten, d.h. polynomiellen Algorithmen zur Lösung des allgemeinen Problems.
In diesem Papier werden Ansätze aufgezeigt, mit denen bestimmte Instanzen des Problems effizient berechnet werden können. Für die Berechnung wichtige Parameter werden charakterisiert und deren Beziehung untereinander analysiert.
Das Cutting sticks-Problem ist in seiner allgemeinen Formulierung ein NP-vollständiges Problem mit Anwendungspotenzialen im Bereich der Logistik. Unter der Annahme, dass P ungleich NP (P != NP) ist, existieren keine effizienten, d.h. polynomiellen Algorithmen zur Lösung des allgemeinen Problems.
In diesem Papier werden für eine Reihe von Instanzen effiziente Lösungen angegeben.
Smart home systems change the way we experience the home. While there are established research fields within HCI for visualizing specific use cases of a smart home, studies targeting user demands on visualizations spanning across multiple use cases are rare. Especially, individual data-related demands pose a challenge for usable visualizations. To investigate potentials of an end-user development (EUD) approach for flexibly supporting such demands, we developed a smart home system featuring both pre-defined visualizations and a visualization creation tool. To evaluate our concept, we installed our prototype in 12 households as part of a Living Lab study. Results are based on three interview studies, a design workshop and system log data. We identified eight overarching interests in home data and show how participants used pre-defined visualizations to get an overview and the creation tool to not only address specific use cases but also to answer questions by creating temporary visualizations.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the start-up scene in sub-Saharan Africa. "Silicon Savannah" is today widely used to describe the thriving IT industry in and around Nairobi. Kenya's geographical advantage, its favorable economic reforms, and mature start-up ecosystem makes it stands out positively. Since a lot of hype exists around the start-up scene many investors are drawn to it, but in reality very few start-ups are investment-ready. The increasing start-up requirements and needs force incubators to diversify their offer. In contrast, to traditional incubators, an Innovation Hub (Hub) is characterized based on the concept of open innovation and collaboration. A Hub nurtures an enabling environment where a community of entrepreneurs can grow. At the same time, it serves as a nexus point for the local start-up community, investors, academia, technology companies and the wider private sector. It aims to create a structure where people serendipitously interact with others that they would not typically meet. Considering the great interest for and the large amounts of money invested in Hubs by governments, universities, private companies and other interested parties, not only researchers have been raising the question of the actual benefit of Hubs. This research study aims to investigate to what extent the support offered by the Hubs is tackling the challenges faced by start-ups in Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis can serve as a basis for identifying strength and weaknesses in the Hub models.
Wirtschaftspolitik
(2017)
Wirtschaftspolitik beschäftigt sich mit den spannungsvollen Beziehungen zwischen Wirtschaft und Politik. Bei wirtschaftspolitischen Fragestellungen gibt es häufig Zielkonflikte, sodass meistens keine Patentlösungen existieren. In der öffentlichen Diskussion wirtschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen treffen zudem Ideologien, Werturteile und Einzelinteressen aufeinander. Das Buch macht Wirtschaftspolitik erlebbar, indem es die Entscheidungen der Akteure mit Theorieansätzen und Fakten verknüpft.
Die Kenntnis wirtschaftspolitischer Grundlagen ist wichtiger Teil der Managementausbildung an Hochschulen. Dieses Buch stellt dazu die wesentlichen Teilbereiche der Wirtschaftspolitik aus didaktischen Gründen getrennt dar. Die Einteilung ist auf die übliche Länge eines Semesters zugeschnitten. Die Wissensvermittlung erfolgt theoretisch fundiert, praxis- und problemorientiert. Jedes Kapitel enthält Literaturempfehlungen zur Nacharbeitung und Vertiefung sowie Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungsverweisen.
Unternehmen stehen oft vor der Frage, nach welchen Kriterien Investitionsentscheidungen in anderen Ländern und an ausländischen Standorten – ggf. im Wettbewerb zu anderen Geografien – zu treffen sind. Aufgrund der schwierigen Revidierbarkeit von Standortentscheidungen ist zu erwarten, dass die Unternehmen eine Vielzahl von Kriterien in ihre Überlegungen einbeziehen und die in Betracht kommenden Standorte diesbezüglich komparativ prüfen.
Access to affordable energy - for basic needs as well as for national economic development - is a crucial concern for developing countries. Access to modern and sustainable energy services in rural areas, where the majority of the population is living in poverty, is a particularly urgent challenge, and one which has been recognized as crucial within the global development agenda.
The current dominant development model, focused on achieving macro-economic growth, gives priority to large-scale or centralized energy infrastructures for national growth or for meeting the urban demand. Rural areas of poorer countries are often at a disadvantage in terms of access to all types of services – roads, health facilities, markets, information and clean water. The high cost of providing these services in remote areas has led to new approaches being tried, based on self-help and the private sector rather than traditional government-led solutions. The missing access to electricity is primarily the reason for the poor operational environment of entrepreneurship especially in rural areas of developing countries, which poses many barriers to their development and limits their competitiveness. Energy services for household, agriculture and production serve as best examples as sectors exposed to enable entrepreneurship by productive use of renewable energy.
This paper describes the line-up, the challenges and the outcome of a development project in rural Ethiopia to support entrepreneurship based on the usage of renewable energy, in this case mainly photo-voltaic technology. In particular, this study tries to show up key features which are required to enable sustainable energy access and foster implementation challenges of developed business models in practice. Based on this experience, the paper discusses implications and lessons learned for a further development.
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) should, on the one hand, provide theoretical and practical knowledge to students and, on the other hand, make valuable contributions to theoretical knowledge and provide new insights by means of research. However, HEIs have to face changing and increasing demands with respect to what they are expected to achieve. Education and research issues are no longer enough, what matters today is the so called “third mission”. A specific example for implementing a third mission is the cooperation between HEIs and business incubators. With this in mind, a local consortium consisting of regional HEIs, e.g. Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, as well as public and private institutions and partners initiated and established an incubator hub for the region Bonn/Rhein-Sieg in 2016, called “Digital Hub Region Bonn”. This conference contribution reports on our experience with regards to this cooperation approach resulting from the above- mentioned case. Furthermore the pros and cons as well as some issues of this kind of cooperation will be discussed. Last but not least this paper initiates the opportunity to share and compare the experiences of other university business incubators in Africa as well as in Germany. As we will describe, the financial investment of HEIs in a joint-incubator with other public as well as private partners offers substantial benefits, such as mutual know-how transfer from HEIs to the economy and vice versa. This strengthens entrepreneurial mindsets and activities and contributes to the development and growth of the local economy. Consequently, this cooperation sometimes creates challenges at various levels, for example due to differing interests between HEIs and business partners. This conference contribution offers approaches to solve these issues and to support private public partnership in business incubation.
Kostenrechnung
(2017)
Die demografische Entwicklung spielt für Immobilieninvestoren eine große Rolle. Schließlich entscheidet die zukünftige Anzahl der Nutzer über die Nachfrage. Im Büroimmobilienmarkt ist daher vor allem die Anzahl der Bürobeschäftigten relevant, die sich wiederum aus dem Erwerbspersonenpotenzial ableitet. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Bürobeschäftigung und zur demografischen Entwicklung lassen sich die demografischen Perspektiven für den Büromarkt bis zum Jahr 2035 ableiten. Deutschlandweit ist nach einem kurzfristigen Anstieg mit einer Stagnation der Büronachfrage zu rechnen. In den Großstädten wird dagegen die Nachfrage weiter steigen. Vor allem in München und Berlin legt die Nachfrage kräftig zu, je nach Szenario zwischen 12 und 18 Prozent. In Düsseldorf, Hamburg und Frankfurt am Main liegen die Zuwächse dagegen zwischen 6 und 9 Prozent bis 2035. Im Vergleich zum Wohnungsmarkt sind die demografischen Perspektiven für den Büromarkt jedoch insgesamt schlechter, da die Anzahl der Erwerbspersonen langsamer wächst als die Gesamtbevölkerung. Zudem müssen bei langfristigen Betrachtungen auch mögliche Verschiebungen der Nachfrage, etwa durch die Digitalisierung, beachtet werden. Gerade in Kombination mit dem zunehmenden Fachkräftemangel können heutige Büroarbeitsplätze durch Verlagerungen ins Ausland oder durch Automatisierung wegfallen.
Today, more than 70 million tons of lignin are produced by the pulp and paper industry every year. However, the utilization of lignin as a source for chemical synthesis is still limited due to the complex and heterogeneous lignin structure. The purpose of this study was a selective photodegradation of industrially available kraft lignin in order to obtain appropriate fragments and building block chemicals for further utilization, e.g. polymerization. Thus, kraft lignin obtained from soft wood black liquor by acidification was dissolved in sodium hydroxide and irradiated at a wavelength of 254 nm with and without the presence of titanium dioxide in various concentrations. Analyses of the irradiated products via SEC showed decreasing molar masses and decreasing polydispersity indices over time. At the end of the irradiation period the lignin was depolymerised to form fragments as small as the lignin monomers. TOC analyses showed minimal mineralisation due to the depolymerisation process.
Experiential Learning through the Transformational Incubation Programme: a Ghanaian case study
(2017)
This paper explores experiential learning theory (ELT) from a case study describing the Transformational Incubation Programme for Coventry University Alumni in Ghana. The incubator represents a collaboration between Coventry University and British Council Ghana. The aim of the programme is to embed a blended, experiential learning approach to practice-based entrepreneurship education via an incubator designed to support scalable business start-up and growth. world venture creation, business development and acceleration. The paper offers a generic framework for Transformational entrepreneurship experiential learning in this context. The incubator offers an opportunity to engage with practice-oriented and experience based learning applied to real.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur Segmentierung von Außenszenen und Terrain-Klassifkation entwickelt. Dazu werden 360 Grad-Laserscanner-Aufnahmen von Straßen, Gebäudefassaden und Waldwegen aufgenommen. Von diesen Aufnahmen werden verschiedene visuelle Repräsentationen in 2D erstellt. Dazu werden die Distanzinformationen und Winkelübergänge der Polarkoordinaten, die Remissionswerte und der Normalenvektor eingesetzt. Die Berechnung des Normalenvektors wird über ein modernes Verfahren mit einerniedrigen Laufzeit durchgeführt. Anschließend werden Oberflächeneigenschaften innerhalb einer Punktwolke analysiert und vier Klassen unterschieden: Untergrund, Vegetation, Hindernis und Himmel. Die Segmentierung und Klassifkation geschieht in einem Schritt. Dazuwird die Varianz auf den N ormalen über eine Filtermaske berechnet und ein Deskriptor erstellt. Der Deskriptor beinhaltet die Normalenvektoren und die Normalenvarianz fürdie x-, y- und z-Achse. Die Ergebnisse werden als Überblendung auf dem Remissionsbilddargestellt. Die Auswertung wird über eigens erstellte Ground-Truth-Daten vorgenommen. Dazu wird das Remissionsbild genutzt und der Ground-Truth mit verschiedenen Farben eingezeichnet. Die Klassifkationsergebnisse sind in Precision-Recall-Diagrammen dargestellt.
Comparación de perfiles de ansiedad matemática entre estudiantes mexicanos y estudiantes alemanes
(2017)
Se determinan los perfiles de ansiedad matemática de estudiantes mexicanos y estudiantes alemanes por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario desarrollado ex profeso. La ansiedad matemática se define en términos de tres descriptores: creencias, actitudes y emociones. Los autores definen un Índice de Ansiedad Matemática, al aplicarlo encuentran que los estudiantes alemanes presentan un valor mayor de dicho Índice, lo que significa que tienen una mayor nivel de ansiedad matemática. Las diferencias en los valores del Índice de Ansiedad Matemática se interpretan en términos de diferencias culturales. La interpretación parece ser consistente con las diferencias culturales y se ajusta a los resultados obtenidos.
"Bad usability equals no customer" – Mit diesem Zitat bringt Jakob Nielsen die große Bedeutung guter Usability auf den Punkt. Auch wenn Nielsen kommerzielle Unternehmen im Auge hat, so lässt sich auch für Bibliotheken die Relevanz ihres Webauftritts für den Kontakt zu ihren Benutzern oder potentiellen Benutzern nicht leugnen. In diesem Artikel soll dargestellt werden, wie Bibliotheken mit Hilfe von Usability-Tests die Schwächen ihres Webauftritts ermitteln können.
Die Frage, in welcher Umgebung Informationskompetenz in Hochschulbibliotheken erworben wird und wie sich die Gestaltung der Räumlichkeiten auf den Lernprozess auswirken kann, hat bisher in der Forschung wenig Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Dieser Fragestellung geht die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit nach. Die Leitfrage lautet dabei: Wie kann die Gestaltung von Hochschulbibliotheksräumen den Erwerb von Informationskompetenz fördern?
Synthesis of serving policies for objects flow in the system with refillable storage component
(2017)
This study contributes to the growing body of research concerning management consultancies by linking two previously disparate fields of study: (1) the examination of the effectiveness of consulting interventions and (2) the examination of the social processes that aim to create and legitimize the insights, knowledge and capabilities of management consultancies. We propose that consulting firms accumulate social authority in the course of pre-intervention discourse processes that is reflected in their reputation and celebrity. With respect to intervention, this social authority affects change recipients’ commitment to and compliance with the requirements of change implementation. We test the proposed relationships by conducting a measured variable path analysis of 117 change initiatives in German companies that were set up and implemented with the assistance of external consultancies. Our findings indicate that a consulting firm’s levels of both celebrity and reputation affect the change recipients’ commitment to proposed change strategies and thus, indirectly affect their behavioral compliance with the explicit requirements of change implementation.
Moden und Methoden
(2017)
This paper focuses on entrepreneurship and private sector development in Ghana with regard to the government’s initiative towards supporting private sector development through the Microfinance & Small Loans Centre (MASLOC) and the National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) initiatives to support new and existing small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in diverse industries. The study addresses some of the main problems facing the two government-sponsored initiatives and issues with accessing venture capital for business start-ups in Ghana. The objective of the study is to identify possible strategies through which the MASLOC and NBSSI could be improved to serve the needs of their customers more effectively and efficiently. Enhancing the performance of these public organizations could offer many SMEs in Ghana take advantage of the new opportunities in the domestic and global business environments. The questions to be addressed are; to what extent do the activities of the NBSSI and MASLOC meet the needs of SMEs in Ghana? What challenges are associated with their services and how can management of the two organizations address the challenges they face more appropriately? The methodology is based on the qualitative and quantitative approaches, involving interviews and the administration of questionnaires and surveys to achieve the study’s objectives and goals. Based on the identified challenges, the study concludes with findings and recommendations for the management of NBSSI and MASLOC as well as entrepreneurs engaged in different SMEs in diverse industries and policy makers.
Argentina substantially contributes to the global organic agriculture and food sector due to its large areas of organically managed agricultural land. However, most of the organic production is foreseen for export. Overall, food supply for the domestic organic market is hardly tapped. This study investigates the current importance of organic agriculture and food production as well as its consumption within the country. The novelty of the study also lies in the observation, documentation and analysis of latest stakeholder-driven developments towards organic agriculture and food. The publication allows to make the Argentinian organic market significantly more visible for the international audience.
Im Rahmen eines Forschungsaufenthaltes an der Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) wurde in Kooperation mit der Fakultät für Veterinärwissenschaften und dem Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Wasserforschung (CETA) eine Befragung unter Studierenden und Mitarbeitenden (wissenschaftlichen und Verwaltungsmitarbeitern sowie Professoren) durchgeführt. Diese Befragung befasste sich inhaltlich mit Themen zur Einstellung argentinischer Konsumenten zu nachhaltigen und biologischen Lebensmitteln. Dabei spielte ebenfalls die Wahrnehmung dieser Lebensmittel anhand von Siegeln eine Rolle. Ferner wurden auch Fragen zum Bewusstsein für zertifizierte Produkte gestellt, das ein Präjudiz für ein spezifisches Einkaufsverhalten ist.
Das Buch schlägt die Brücke zwischen den betriebswirtschaftlich-organisatorischen Methoden und deren IT-gestützter Umsetzung. Prozessmanagement heißt Gestaltung betrieblicher Aufgaben. Neben methodischen Grundlagen bietet das Werk Praxisbeispiele und Übungen. Das Buch von Prof. Gadatsch gilt mittlerweile als der "aktuelle Klassiker", DAS maßgebliche Standardwerk zur IT-gestützten Gestaltung von Geschäftsprozessen.Die achte Auflage wurde vollständig überarbeitet und an die Anforderungen der Digitalisierung angepasst. Das Werk deckt den gesamten „Business Process Management Life-Cycle“ ab. Es behandelt die Entwicklung und das Controlling der Prozessstrategie, die fachliche Modellierung der Prozesse sowie die Unterstützung des Prozessmanagements durch Informationssysteme.
Andreas Gadatsch schließt mit dem vorliegenden essential eine Lücke in einführenden Werken zur Datenmodellierung. Diese Modelle gehören zum Basiswissen einführender Lehrveranstaltungen zur Wirtschaftsinformatik für Betriebswirte. Die Literatur dazu ist für diese Zielgruppe häufig zu speziell, da sie sich eher an Informatiker richtet. Der Autor bietet hier nun eine kompakte Einführung anhand eines durchgängigen Fallbeispiels in die klassische CHEN-Notation, auf der viele neue Modellierungsansätze aufbauen. Der Inhalt Die Datenmodellierung - vom Konzept zur Datenbank Erstellung von Fachkonzepten mit dem Entity-Relationship-Modell Erstellung von IT-Konzepten mit dem relationalen Datenmodell Implementierung von Datenmodellen in Datenbanksystemen Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der BWL, angehende IT-Systemkaufleute und Fachinformatikerinnen und -informatiker (IHK), die im Rahmen von Studium bzw. Ausbildung eine Einführungsveranstaltung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik besuchen.
Geschäftsprozessmanagement
(2017)
IT-Portfoliomanagement
(2017)
„Big Data“, „Industrie 4.0“ und „Digitalisierung“ sind in aller Munde und das nicht nur als Heilsbringer. Der „Jobkiller Digitalisierung“ führt in vielen Branchen und auch im Controlling zu einem potenziellen Ersatz des Menschen. Glaubt man diesen düsteren Szenarien, so übernehmen Algorithmen zukünftig weitgehend die Steuerung der Geschäftsprozesse. Der Manager entscheidet allein auf Basis der Informationen, die in Echtzeit automatisch auf sein Handy übermittelt werden. Den Controller sucht man in diesen Prognosen vergeblich.
Big Data für Entscheider
(2017)
Andreas Gadatsch und Holm Landrock zeigen an typischen Beispielen aus der Praxis, wie datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle entstehen. Sie erläutern, wie sich Big-Data-Projekte rechnen und wie man am einfachsten an die Analyse großer Datenmengen herangeht. Eine Bewertung der zentralen Aspekte von Projekten und der dort eingesetzten Technologien erleichtert den Lesern die tägliche Praxis im IT-Management. Die Autoren stellen Hadoop als eine der wichtigen Big-Data-Technologien vor.
IT-Sicherheit
(2017)
Andreas Gadatsch und Markus Mangiapane erläutern zentrale Aspekte der Digitalisierung und der IT-Sicherheit, ohne die digitale Geschäftsmodelle und -prozesse nicht realisierbar sind. Die Autoren möchten den Leser für aktuelle Trends im Informationsmanagement und deren Auswirkungen auf IT-Sicherheit sensibilisieren. Wenn man von jedem Punkt der Welt aus einen Prozess nutzen kann, so kann man ihm auch jederzeit von jedem Ort aus schaden, ihn stoppen, verändern oder Daten manipulieren. IT-Sicherheit ist daher die Grundlage zur Realisierung digitaler Prozesse. (Verlagsangaben)
The MAP-Elites algorithm produces a set of high-performing solutions that vary according to features defined by the user. This technique has the potential to be a powerful tool for design space exploration, but is limited by the need for numerous evaluations. The Surrogate-Assisted Illumination algorithm (SAIL), introduced here, integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of evaluations required by MAP-Elites.
The ability of SAIL to efficiently produce both accurate models and diverse high performing solutions is illustrated on a 2D airfoil design problem. The search space is divided into bins, each holding a design with a different combination of features. In each bin SAIL produces a better performing solution than MAP-Elites, and requires several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations. The CMA-ES algorithm was used to produce an optimal design in each bin: with the same number of evaluations required by CMA-ES to find a near-optimal solution in a single bin, SAIL finds solutions of similar quality in every bin.
A new method for design space exploration and optimization, Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL), is presented. Inspired by robotics techniques designed to produce diverse repertoires of behaviors for use in damage recovery, SAIL produces diverse designs that vary according to features specified by the designer. By producing high-performing designs with varied combinations of user-defined features a map of the design space is created. This map illuminates the relationship between the chosen features and performance, and can aid designers in identifying promising design concepts. SAIL is designed for use with compu-tationally expensive design problems, such as fluid or structural dynamics, and integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of function evaluations required. On a 2D airfoil optimization problem SAIL is shown to produce hundreds of diverse designs which perform competitively with those found by state-of-the-art black box optimization. Its capabilities are further illustrated in a more expensive 3D aerodynamic optimization task.
The MAP-Elites algorithm produces a set of high-performing solutions that vary according to features defined by the user. This technique to 'illuminate' the problem space through the lens of chosen features has the potential to be a powerful tool for exploring design spaces, but is limited by the need for numerous evaluations. The Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL) algorithm, introduced here, integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of evaluations required by MAP-Elites.
The ability of SAIL to efficiently produce both accurate models and diverse high-performing solutions is illustrated on a 2D airfoil design problem. The search space is divided into bins, each holding a design with a different combination of features. In each bin SAIL produces a better performing solution than MAP-Elites, and requires several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations. The CMA-ES algorithm was used to produce an optimal design in each bin: with the same number of evaluations required by CMA-ES to find a near-optimal solution in a single bin, SAIL finds solutions of similar quality in every bin.
RPSL meets lightning: A model-based approach to design space exploration of robot perception systems
(2017)
Die Glücksforschung befasst sich primär mit einzelnen Konstrukten wie Arbeitszufriedenheit oder subjektivem Wohlbefinden. Allerdings fehlt ein zusammenhängendes Konzept, um die Erkenntnisse in der Praxis umzusetzen. Daher wird ein Bedürfnismodell vorgestellt, das sich nach ersten empirischen Untersuchungen als geeigneter Indikator für Wohlbefinden erweist. Außerdem lassen sich daraus konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten.
Exosomes derived from human autologous conditioned serum are nanocarriers for IL-6 and TNF-alfa
(2017)
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are engine of economy both for developed and developing countries. They play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality. In Burundi, key stakeholders such as policy-makers as well as other international and national actors have made more effort to develop the segment of SMEs. Indeed, many start-ups have been created but are however, exposed to several challenges in their business operations. This paper aimed at investigating main critical barriers to SMEs growth and development in Burundi. The research was based upon a sample survey of small firms in Burundi and 314 small enterprises were surveyed. Rural start-ups’ critical barriers identified are mainly poor management, lack of access to market flow, lack of working capital, inadequate qualified workforce and low selling prices. On the other hand, five severe obstacles for urban SMEs identified are insecurity, access to financing, macroeconomic situation, lack of customers and unfair competition. A better understanding of all these barriers that SMEs are facing is useful to set up best strategies susceptible to increase their growth.
Auf der Suche nach einem CO2-Filtermaterial für niedrige Partialdrücke wurden Aerogel-Beads aus Chitosan analysiert. Da zahlreiche Publikationen und Reviews auf die Fähigkeit von Aminen CO2 zu adsorbieren hinweisen, wurden diese Beads funktionalisiert, um den Amingehalt im Netzwerk und damit die Adsorptionskapazität zu erhöhen. Die Beads wurden mit Hilfe eines JetCutters hergestellt, mit Polyethylenimin (PEI), p-Phenylendiamin (PPD) und 1,2-Epoxyhexan (EH) funktionalisiert und anschließend überkritisch getrocknet. Die Ansätze wurden bei jeweils unterschiedlichen pH-Werten durchgeführt, um Aussagen über den Einfluss von NaOH auf die Reaktion treffen zu können. Alle Proben wurden mit für Aerogele typischen Methoden charakterisiert und auf ihre CO2-Adsorptionskapazität untersucht. Die Adsorptionskapazität der Chitosan Beads konnte durch Aufpfropfen der oben genannten Stoffe nur leicht verbessert werden, während die Funktionalisierung mit PPD dagegen überraschender Weise negative Auswirkungen hatte. Eine Funktionalisierung findet auch in Abwesenheit von NaOH statt.
Ressourcenschutz im Fokus
(2017)
Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen – Benutzerzentrierte Entwurfsansätze der Usable Security-Forschung
(2017)
Der dritte und letzte Teil der Artikel-Serie in dieser Ausgabe zum Thema Usable Security zeigt exemplarisch, wie Softwareentwickler mit den im Rahmen des USecureD-Projekts entwickelten Werkzeugen arbeiten können. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich dabei auf Prinzipien, Richtlinien und Patterns, die bei der Ausgestaltung gebrauchstauglicher Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen berücksichtigt werden sollten. Anhand dieser sehr ubiquitären Bestandteile eines jeden digitalen Produkts kann anschaulich gezeigt werden, wie aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Usable Security praxisnah für Softwarearchitekturen und Programmierer verfügbar und anwendbar gemacht werden können.
Damit IT-gestützte Produkte und Systeme vor unbefugter oder missbräuchlicher Nutzung wirksam geschützt sind, müssen sie mit Sicherheitsfunktionen ausgestattet sein, die benutzerfreundlich sind. Hierfür sind seitens der Entwickler sowohl Security- als auch Usability-Kenntnisse erforderlich. Da insbesondere Entwickler in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) oft nicht über tiefer gehende Kenntnisse in beiden Bereichen verfügen, bedürfen sie einer Unterstützung, z. B. in Form geeigneter Methoden und Werkzeuge. In diesem Beitrag werden ein Lösungsweg und eine Werkzeugsammlung vorgestellt, die Entwicklern in KMU dabei helfen, auf systematische Weise digitale Produkte und Systeme mit dem Qualitätsmerkmal Usable Security herzustellen.
Ressourceneffiziente Optimierung von Hohlkörpern aus Kunststoff mittels Multiskalensimulation
(2017)
Ressourceneffiziente Optimierung von Hohlkörpern aus Kunststoff mittels Multiskalensimulation
(2017)
Die mechanischen Eigenschaften von extrusionsblasgeformten Kunststoffhohlkörpern hängen wesentlich von den vom Verarbeitungsprozess beeinflussten Materialeigenschaften ab. Ziel der dargestellten Untersuchung ist, prozessabhängige Materialkennwerte in Simulationsprogrammen zu berücksichtigen und damit deren Vorhersagegenauigkeit zu erhöhen. Hierzu ist die Schaffung einer Schnittstelle zwischen Prozess- und Bauteilsimulation notwendig. Darüber hinaus wird vorgestellt, wie Simulationen auf Mikroebene (molekulardynamische Simulationen) genutzt werden können, um Materialkennwerte ohne die Durchführung eines Realexperiments zu ermitteln.